Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 16Q
Acid–base indicators mark the end point of titrations by “magically” turning a different color. Explain the “magic” behind acid–base indicators.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 15 - What is meant by the presence of a common ion? How...Ch. 15 - Define a buffer solution. What makes up a buffer...Ch. 15 - One of the most challenging parts of solving...Ch. 15 - A good buffer generally contains relatively equal...Ch. 15 - Draw the general titration curve for a strong acid...Ch. 15 - Instead of the titration of a strong acid by a...Ch. 15 - Sketch the titration curve for a weak acid...Ch. 15 - Sketch the titration curve for a weak base...Ch. 15 - What is an acidbase indicator? Define the...Ch. 15 - Why does an indicator change from its acid color...
Ch. 15 - What are the major species in solution after...Ch. 15 - A friend asks the following: Consider a buffered...Ch. 15 - Mixing together solutions of acetic acid and...Ch. 15 - Could a buffered solution be made by mixing...Ch. 15 - Sketch two pH curves, one for the titration of a...Ch. 15 - Sketch a pH curve for the titration of a weak acid...Ch. 15 - You have a solution of the weak acid HA and add...Ch. 15 - You have a solution of the weak acid HA and add...Ch. 15 - The common ion effect for weak acids is to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10QCh. 15 - A best buffer has about equal quantities of weak...Ch. 15 - Consider the following pH curves for 100.0 mL of...Ch. 15 - An acid is titrated with NaOH. The following...Ch. 15 - Consider the following four titrations. i. 100.0...Ch. 15 - Figure 14-4 shows the pH curves for the titrations...Ch. 15 - Acidbase indicators mark the end point of...Ch. 15 - How many of the following are buffered solutions?...Ch. 15 - Which of the following can be classified as buffer...Ch. 15 - A certain buffer is made by dissolving NaHCO3 and...Ch. 15 - A buffer is prepared by dissolving HONH2 and...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 15 - Compare the percent dissociation of the acid in...Ch. 15 - Compare the percent ionization of the base in...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of HCl is added...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of HCl is added...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of NaOH is added...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of NaOH is added...Ch. 15 - Which of the solutions in Exercise 21 shows the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30ECh. 15 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 1.00 M HNO2...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.60 M HF...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH after 0.10 mole of NaOH is added...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH after 0.10 mole of NaOH is added...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of each of the following buffered...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of each of the following buffered...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of a buffered solution prepared...Ch. 15 - A buffered solution is made by adding 50.0 g NH4Cl...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH after 0.010 mole of gaseous HCl...Ch. 15 - An aqueous solution contains dissolved C6H5NH3Cl...Ch. 15 - Calculate the mass of sodium acetate that must be...Ch. 15 - What volumes of 0.50 M HNO2 and 0.50 M NaNO2 must...Ch. 15 - Consider a solution that contains both C5H5N and...Ch. 15 - Calculate the ratio [NH3]/[NH4+] in...Ch. 15 - Carbonate buffers are important in regulating the...Ch. 15 - When a person exercises, muscle contractions...Ch. 15 - Consider the acids in Table 13-2. Which acid would...Ch. 15 - Consider the bases in Table 13-3. Which base would...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.40 M...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.20 M HOCl...Ch. 15 - Which of the following mixtures would result in...Ch. 15 - Which of the following mixtures would result in a...Ch. 15 - What quantity (moles) of NaOH must be added to 1.0...Ch. 15 - Calculate the number of moles of HCl(g) that must...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration of a generic weak acid HA...Ch. 15 - Sketch the titration curve for the titration of a...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration of 40.0 mL of 0.200 M HClO4...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration of 80.0 mL of 0.100 M...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.100 M...Ch. 15 - Lactic acid is a common by-product of cellular...Ch. 15 - Repeat the procedure in Exercise 61, but for the...Ch. 15 - Repeat the procedure in Exercise 61, but for the...Ch. 15 - Repeat the procedure in Exercise 61, but for the...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH at the halfway point and at the...Ch. 15 - In the titration of 50.0 mL of 1.0 M methylamine,...Ch. 15 - You have 75.0 mL of 0.10 M HA. After adding 30.0...Ch. 15 - A student dissolves 0.0100 mole of an unknown weak...Ch. 15 - Two drops of indicator HIn (Ka = 1.0 109), where...Ch. 15 - Methyl red has the following structure: It...Ch. 15 - Potassium hydrogen phthalate, known as KHP (molar...Ch. 15 - A certain indicator HIn has a pKa of 3.00 and a...Ch. 15 - Which of the indicators in Fig. 14-8 could be used...Ch. 15 - Prob. 74ECh. 15 - Which of the indicators in Fig. 14-8 could be used...Ch. 15 - Prob. 76ECh. 15 - Estimate the pH of a solution in which bromcresol...Ch. 15 - Estimate the pH of a solution in which crystal...Ch. 15 - A solution has a pH of 7.0. What would be the...Ch. 15 - A solution has a pH of 4.5. What would be the...Ch. 15 - Derive an equation analogous to the...Ch. 15 - a. Calculate the pH of a buffered solution that is...Ch. 15 - Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, commonly called...Ch. 15 - You make 1.00 L of a buffered solution (pH = 4.00)...Ch. 15 - You have the following reagents on hand: Solids...Ch. 15 - Prob. 86AECh. 15 - Phosphate buffers are important in regulating the...Ch. 15 - What quantity (moles) of HCl(g) must be added to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 89AECh. 15 - The following plot shows the pH curves for the...Ch. 15 - Calculate the volume of 1.50 102 M NaOH that must...Ch. 15 - Prob. 92AECh. 15 - A certain acetic acid solution has pH = 2.68....Ch. 15 - A 0.210-g sample of an acid (molar mass = 192...Ch. 15 - The active ingredient in aspirin is...Ch. 15 - One method for determining the purity of aspirin...Ch. 15 - A student intends to titrate a solution of a weak...Ch. 15 - A student titrates an unknown weak acid, HA, to a...Ch. 15 - A sample of a certain monoprotic weak acid was...Ch. 15 - Consider 1.0 L of a solution that is 0.85 M HOC6H5...Ch. 15 - What concentration of NH4Cl is necessary to buffer...Ch. 15 - Consider the following acids and bases: HCO2H Ka =...Ch. 15 - Consider a buffered solution containing CH3NH3Cl...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration of 150.0 mL of 0.100 M HI...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.100 M HCN...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M...Ch. 15 - Consider the following four titrations (iiv): i....Ch. 15 - Another way to treat data from a pH titration is...Ch. 15 - A buffer is made using 45.0 mL of 0.750 M HC3H5O2...Ch. 15 - A 0.400-M solution of ammonia was titrated with...Ch. 15 - What volume of 0.0100 M NaOH must be added to 1.00...Ch. 15 - Consider a solution formed by mixing 50.0 mL of...Ch. 15 - When a diprotic acid. H2A. is titrated with NaOH,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 114CPCh. 15 - The titration of Na2CO3 with HCl bas the following...Ch. 15 - Consider the titration curve in Exercise 115 for...Ch. 15 - A few drops of each of the indicators shown in the...Ch. 15 - Malonic acid (HO2CCH2CO2H) is a diprotic acid. In...Ch. 15 - A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 75.0 mL of...Ch. 15 - A 10.00-g sample of the ionic compound NaA, where...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by mixing...Ch. 15 - Consider a solution prepared by mixing the...
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- When might a pH meter be better than an indicator to determine the end point of an acid-base titration?arrow_forwardAnother way to treat data from a pH titration is to graph the absolute value of the change in pH per change in milliliters added versus milliliters added (pH/mL versus mL added). Make this graph using your results from Exercise 61. What advantage might this method have over the traditional method for treating titration data?arrow_forwardWhat is an acidbase indicator? Define the equivalence (stoichiometric) point and the end point of a titration. Why should you choose an indicator so that the two points coincide? Do the pH values of the two points have to be within 0.01 pH unit of each other? Explain.arrow_forward
- The three flasks shown below depict the titration of an aqueous NaOH solution with HCl at different points. One represents the titration prior to the equivalence point, another represents the titration at the equivalence point, and the other represents the titration past the equivalence point. (Sodium ions and solvent water molecules have been omitted for clarity.) a Write the balanced chemical equation for the titration. b Label each of the beakers shown to indicate which point in the titration they represent. c For each solution, indicate whether you expect it to be acidic, basic, or neutral.arrow_forwardA solution of weak base is titrated to the equivalence point with a strong acid. Which one of the following statements is most likely to be correct? a The pH of the solution at the equivalence point is 7.0. b The pH of the solution is greater than 13.0. c The pH of the solution is less than 2.0. d The pH of the solution is between 2.0 and 7.0. e The pH of the solution is between 7.0 and 13.0. The reason that best supports my choosing the answer above is a Whenever a solution is titrated with a strong acid, the solution will be very acidic. b Because the solution contains a weak base and the acid (titrant) is used up at the equivalence point, the solution will be basic. c Because the solution contains the conjugate acid of the weak base at the equivalence point, the solution will be acidic.arrow_forwardMethyl orange, HMO, is a common acid-base indicator. In solution it ionizes according to the equation: HMOaqH+aq+MO-aqredyellow If methyl orange is added to distilled water, the solution turns yellow. If 1 drop or two of 6 M HCl is added to the yellow solution, it turns red. If to that solution one adds a few drops of 6 M NaOH, the color reverts to yellow. a. Why does adding 6 M HCl to the yellow solution of methyl orange tend to cause the color to change to red? Note that in solution HCl exists as H+ and Cl- ions. b. Why does adding 6 M NaOH to the red solution tend to make it turn back to yellow? Note that in solution NaOH exists as Na+ and OH- ions. How does increasing OH- shift Reaction 3 in the discussion section? How would the resulting change in H+ affect the dissociation reaction of HMO?arrow_forward
- Explain how to choose the appropriate acid-base indicator for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid.arrow_forwardTwo samples of 1.00 M HCl of equivalent volumes are prepared. One sample is titrated to the equivalence point with a 1.00 M solution of sodium hydroxide, while the other sample is titrated to the equivalence point with a 1.00 M solution of calcium hydroxide. a Compare the volumes of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide required to reach the equivalence point for each titration. b Determine the pH of each solution halfway to the equivalence point. c Determine the pH of each solution at the equivalence point.arrow_forwardConsider all acid-base indicators discussed in this chapter. Which of these indicators would be suitable for the titration of each of these? (a) NaOH with HClO4 (b) acetic acid with KOH (c) NH3 solution with HBr (d) KOH with HNO3 Explain your choices.arrow_forward
- Follow the directions of Question 64. Consider two beakers: Beaker A has a weak acid(K a=1105). Beaker B has HCI. The volume and molarity of each acid in the beakers are the same. Both acids are to be titrated with a 0.1 M solution of NaOH. (a) Before titration starts (at zero time), the pH of the solution in Beaker A is the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (b) At half-neutralization (halfway to the equivalence point), the pH of the solution in Beaker A the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (c) When each solution has reached its equivalence point, the pH of the solution in Beaker A the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (d) At the equivalence point, the volume of NaOH used to titrate HCI in Beaker B the volume of NaOH used to titrate the weak acid in Beaker A.arrow_forwardA solution made up of 1.0 M NH3 and 0.50 M (NH4)2SO4 has a pH of 9.26. a Write the net ionic equation that represents the reaction of this solution with a strong acid. b Write the net ionic equation that represents the reaction of this solution with a strong base. c To 100. mL of this solution, 10.0 mL of 1.00 M HCl is added. How many moles of NH3 and NH4+ are present in the reaction system before and after the addition of the HCl? What is the pH of the resulting solution? d Why did the pH change only slightly upon the addition of HCl?arrow_forwardGiven the acid-base indicators in Question 37, select a suitable indicator for the following titrations. (a) sodium formate (NaCHO2) with HNO3 (b) hypochlorous acid with barium hydroxide (c) nitric acid with HI (d) hydrochloric acid with ammoniaarrow_forward
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Acid-Base Titration | Acids, Bases & Alkalis | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFqx6_Y6c2M;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY