Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15E
Since the rotation period of the Sun can be determined by observing the apparent motions of sunspots, a correction must be made for the orbital motion of Earth. Explain what the correction is and how it arises. Making some sketches may help answer this question.
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What types of changes effect the Sun's energy output?
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O A. 11 year solar sunspot cycles change the amount of radiation given off by the Sun.
O B. As the Sun rotates more energy is scattered to space and less is retained on the surface.
O C. Cycles of solar flares and prominences heat and cool the layers below the Sun's surface.
O D. Solar energy is affected by the core output of photons.
The sun has a radius of 6.959 × 108 m and a surface temperature of 5.81 x 10° K.
When the sun radiates at a rate of 3.91 x 1026 W and is a perfect emitter. What is
the rate of energy emitted per square meter? Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.67 x
10-8 J/s-m2 K4
a)
5.6 x 107 W/m2
b) 12.8 x 107 W/m2
c)
6.4 x 107 W/m2
25.6 x 107 W/m2
5.6 x 1017 W/m2
For several hundred years, astronomers have kept track of the number of solar flares, or sunspots which occur on the surface of the sun. The number of sunspots counted varies periodically from a minimum of about 10 per year to a maximum of about 110 per year. Between the maximum that occurred in the years 1750 and 1948, there were 18 completed cycles.
A.) What is the period of the sunspot cycle?
B.) Assume that the number of sunspots varies sinusoidally with the year. Sketch a graph of two sun spot cycles, starting in 1948.
C.) Write an equation expressing the number of sunspots per year in terms of the year.
D.) what is the first year after 2000 in which the number of sunspots will be about 35? A maximum?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 15 - Describe the main differences between the...Ch. 15 - Describe how energy makes its way from the nuclear...Ch. 15 - Make a sketch of the Sun’s atmosphere showing the...Ch. 15 - Why do sunspots look dark?Ch. 15 - Which aspects of the Sun’s activity cycle have a...Ch. 15 - Summarize the evidence indicating that over...Ch. 15 - What it the Zeeman effect and what does it tell us...Ch. 15 - Explain how the theory of the Sun’s dynamo results...Ch. 15 - Compare and contrast the four different types of...Ch. 15 - What are the two sources of particles coming from...
Ch. 15 - How does activity on the Sun affect human...Ch. 15 - How does activity on the Sun affect natural...Ch. 15 - Table 15.1 indicates that the density of the Sun...Ch. 15 - Starting from the core of the Sun and going...Ch. 15 - Since the rotation period of the Sun can be...Ch. 15 - Suppose an (extremely hypothetical) elongated...Ch. 15 - The text explains that plages are found near...Ch. 15 - Why would a flare be observed in visible light,...Ch. 15 - How can the prominences, which are so big and...Ch. 15 - If you were concerned about space weather and...Ch. 15 - Suppose you live in northern Canada and an...Ch. 15 - The edge of the Sun doesn’t have to be absolutely...Ch. 15 - Show that the statement that 92% of the Sun’s...Ch. 15 - From Doppler shifts of the spectral lines in the...Ch. 15 - Assuming an average sunspot cycle of 11 years, how...Ch. 15 - This chapter gives the average sunspot cycle as 11...Ch. 15 - The escape velocity from any astronomical object...Ch. 15 - Suppose you observe a major solar flare while...Ch. 15 - Suppose an eruptive prominence rises at a speed of...Ch. 15 - From the information in Figure 15.21, estimate the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- If a sunspot has a temperature of 4,430 K and the sunspot can be considered a blackbody, what is the wavelength (in nm) of maximum intensity of the sunspot's radiation?arrow_forwardThe capture of too few solar neutrinos by Davis in the solar neutrino experiment a. can be explained if the sun is not undergoing thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core. b. indicates that the sun’s core is much cooler than expected. c. indicates that the sun’s core is much hotter than expected. d. indicates that the sun’s core is convective. e. is explained by none of the above.arrow_forwardGive proper explanation The surface temperature of the Sun is about 5750 K. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?arrow_forward
- The sunspot cycle affects I. the latitude at which sunspots are visible at a given time. II. the number of sunspots that are visible at a given time. III. the rotation rate of the sun’s equator at a given time. IV. the magnetic polarity of the sunspots at a given time. a. I & II b. I & IV c. II & III d. I, II & III e. I, II, & IVarrow_forwardTable 15.1 indicates that the density of the Sun is 1.41 g/cm3. Since other materials, such as ice, have similar densities, how do you know that the Sun is not made of ice?arrow_forwardFrom the information in Figure 15.21, estimate the speed with which the particles in the CME in parts (c) and (d) are moving away from the Sun. Figure 15.21 Flare and Coronal Mass Ejection. This sequence of four images shows the evolution over time of a giant eruption on the Sun. (a) The event began at the location of a sunspot group, and (b) a flare is seen in far-ultraviolet light. (c) Fourteen hours later, a CME is seen blasting out into space. (d) Three hours later, this CME has expanded to form a giant cloud of particles escaping from the Sun and is beginning the journey out into the solar system. The white circle in (c) and (d) shows the diameter of the solar photosphere. The larger dark area shows where light from the Sun has been blocked out by a specially designed instrument to make it possible to see the faint emission from the corona. (credit a, b, c, d: modification of work by SOHO/EIT, SOHO/LASCO, SOHO/MDI (ESA & NASA))arrow_forward
- Describe the two main ways that energy travels through the Sun.arrow_forwardNow suppose that all of the hydrogen atoms in the Sun were converted into helium. How much total energy would be produced? (To calculate the answer, you will have to estimate how many hydrogen atoms are in the Sun. This will give you good practice with scientific notation, since the numbers involved are very large! See Appendix C for a review of scientific notation.)arrow_forwardGive the following figure of the sun, label the features observed and describe some of the characteristics.arrow_forward
- 10arrow_forwardWhat is the solar constant? How is it used to determine the effective surface temperature of the sun? How would the value of the solar constant change if the distance between the earth and the sun is doubled?arrow_forwardUse that the pressure on the Sunspot (ideal gas) plus the magnetic pressure B?/(2µo) equals the photosphere pressure (also ideal gas but at different pressure) in order for the Sunspot not to sink. Use that p=3.5x104 kg/m³ and u=1 to find the magnetic field strength in the Sunspot.arrow_forward
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