(a) Interpretation: The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet. Concept introduction: A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Question

elow are experimentally determined van Deemter plots of column efficiency, H, vs. flow rate. H is a quantitative measurement of band broadening. The left plot is for a liquid chromatography application and the night is for gas chromatography. Compare and contrast these two plots in terms of the three band broadening mechanisms presented in this activity. How are they similar? How do they differ? Justify your answers.? 0.4 H (mm) 0.2 0.1- 0.3- 0 0.5 H (mm) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0- 3.0 T +++ 1.0 1.5 0 2.0 4.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s) 6.0 8.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s)

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.7QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The least square slope and the intercept for the plot in (a) should be determined.

Concept introduction:

$Syy=∑(yi−y¯)2Sxx=∑(xi−x¯)2Sxy=∑(xi−x¯)(yi−y¯)$

The slope of the line, $m=SxySxx$

The intercept, $b=y¯−mx¯$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard deviation of the slope and the standard deviation about regression for the curve should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation about regression, $sr=Syy−m2SxxN−2$

N − number of points used.

The standard deviation of the slope, $sm=sr2Sxx$

The standard deviation of the intercept, $sb=sr∑xi2N∑xi2−(∑xi)2$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration of unknown NADH sample should be calculated using the spreadsheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated if a result of 7.95 was the mean of three measurements.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

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elow are experimentally determined van Deemter plots of column efficiency, H, vs. flow rate. H is a quantitative measurement of band broadening. The left plot is for a liquid chromatography application and the night is for gas chromatography. Compare and contrast these two plots in terms of the three band broadening mechanisms presented in this activity. How are they similar? How do they differ? Justify your answers.? 0.4 H (mm) 0.2 0.1- 0.3- 0 0.5 H (mm) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0- 3.0 T +++ 1.0 1.5 0 2.0 4.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s) 6.0 8.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s)

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What is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? + R H3O+ + • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.7QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The least square slope and the intercept for the plot in (a) should be determined.

Concept introduction:

$Syy=∑(yi−y¯)2Sxx=∑(xi−x¯)2Sxy=∑(xi−x¯)(yi−y¯)$

The slope of the line, $m=SxySxx$

The intercept, $b=y¯−mx¯$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard deviation of the slope and the standard deviation about regression for the curve should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation about regression, $sr=Syy−m2SxxN−2$

N − number of points used.

The standard deviation of the slope, $sm=sr2Sxx$

The standard deviation of the intercept, $sb=sr∑xi2N∑xi2−(∑xi)2$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration of unknown NADH sample should be calculated using the spreadsheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated if a result of 7.95 was the mean of three measurements.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.7QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The least square slope and the intercept for the plot in (a) should be determined.

Concept introduction:

$Syy=∑(yi−y¯)2Sxx=∑(xi−x¯)2Sxy=∑(xi−x¯)(yi−y¯)$

The slope of the line, $m=SxySxx$

The intercept, $b=y¯−mx¯$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard deviation of the slope and the standard deviation about regression for the curve should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation about regression, $sr=Syy−m2SxxN−2$

N − number of points used.

The standard deviation of the slope, $sm=sr2Sxx$

The standard deviation of the intercept, $sb=sr∑xi2N∑xi2−(∑xi)2$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration of unknown NADH sample should be calculated using the spreadsheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated if a result of 7.95 was the mean of three measurements.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.7QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The least square slope and the intercept for the plot in (a) should be determined.

Concept introduction:

$Syy=∑(yi−y¯)2Sxx=∑(xi−x¯)2Sxy=∑(xi−x¯)(yi−y¯)$

The slope of the line, $m=SxySxx$

The intercept, $b=y¯−mx¯$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard deviation of the slope and the standard deviation about regression for the curve should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation about regression, $sr=Syy−m2SxxN−2$

N − number of points used.

The standard deviation of the slope, $sm=sr2Sxx$

The standard deviation of the intercept, $sb=sr∑xi2N∑xi2−(∑xi)2$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration of unknown NADH sample should be calculated using the spreadsheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated if a result of 7.95 was the mean of three measurements.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.7QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The least square slope and the intercept for the plot in (a) should be determined.

Concept introduction:

$Syy=∑(yi−y¯)2Sxx=∑(xi−x¯)2Sxy=∑(xi−x¯)(yi−y¯)$

The slope of the line, $m=SxySxx$

The intercept, $b=y¯−mx¯$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard deviation of the slope and the standard deviation about regression for the curve should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation about regression, $sr=Syy−m2SxxN−2$

N − number of points used.

The standard deviation of the slope, $sm=sr2Sxx$

The standard deviation of the intercept, $sb=sr∑xi2N∑xi2−(∑xi)2$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration of unknown NADH sample should be calculated using the spreadsheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated if a result of 7.95 was the mean of three measurements.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.7QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.7QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The least square slope and the intercept for the plot in (a) should be determined.

Concept introduction:

$Syy=∑(yi−y¯)2Sxx=∑(xi−x¯)2Sxy=∑(xi−x¯)(yi−y¯)$

The slope of the line, $m=SxySxx$

The intercept, $b=y¯−mx¯$

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The least square slope and the intercept for the plot in (a) should be determined.

Concept introduction:

$Syy=∑(yi−y¯)2Sxx=∑(xi−x¯)2Sxy=∑(xi−x¯)(yi−y¯)$

The slope of the line, $m=SxySxx$

The intercept, $b=y¯−mx¯$

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard deviation of the slope and the standard deviation about regression for the curve should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation about regression, $sr=Syy−m2SxxN−2$

N − number of points used.

The standard deviation of the slope, $sm=sr2Sxx$

The standard deviation of the intercept, $sb=sr∑xi2N∑xi2−(∑xi)2$

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard deviation of the slope and the standard deviation about regression for the curve should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation about regression, $sr=Syy−m2SxxN−2$

N − number of points used.

The standard deviation of the slope, $sm=sr2Sxx$

The standard deviation of the intercept, $sb=sr∑xi2N∑xi2−(∑xi)2$

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration of unknown NADH sample should be calculated using the spreadsheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration of unknown NADH sample should be calculated using the spreadsheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated if a result of 7.95 was the mean of three measurements.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The relative standard deviation for the result in part (d) should be calculated if a result of 7.95 was the mean of three measurements.

Concept introduction:

Standard deviation of the results obtained from the calibration curve = $sc=srm1M+1N+(y¯c−y¯)2m2Sxx$

M − number of replicates

N- number of calibration points.

$RSD=sx×100$

RSD − relative standard deviation

x - mean of x values

s − standard deviation

Answer 18

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Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.2QAP Ch. 15 - Why is spectrofluorometry potentially more...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.5QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.6QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.7QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.8QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.9QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.10QAP

(a) Interpretation: The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet. Concept introduction: A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

(a) Interpretation: The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet. Concept introduction: A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.

Chapter 15 Solutions

(a)

Interpretation:

The calibration curve should be constructed in a spread sheet.

Concept introduction:

A calibration curve or standard curve is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of unknown sample by comparing to a set of samples with known concentrations.