Calculate the percent ionization of benzoic acid having the following concentrations: (a) 0.20 M, (b) 0.00020 M.
(a)
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given solution of benzoic acid has to be calculated
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant Ka:
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid HA can be given as follows,
HA(aq)→H+(aq)+A-(aq)
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Ka=[H+][A-][HA]
Where,
Ka is acid ionization constant,
[H+] is concentration of hydrogen ion
[A-] is concentration of acid anion
[HA] is concentration of the acid
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid HA percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
percentionization=[H3O+][HA]×100%
Answer to Problem 15.47QP
The percent ionization of given 0.20M benzoic acid solution is 1.8%
Explanation of Solution
From the given concentrations of benzoic acid solution and Ka value of benzoic acid, the hydrogen ion concentration can be found out through equilibrium table for each of the given solution. Then percent ionization can be calculated from the obtained hydrogen ion concentration as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of x
Therefore, the percent ionization of given 0.20M benzoic acid solution is 1.8%
(b)
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given solution of benzoic acid has to be calculated
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant Ka:
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid HA can be given as follows,
HA(aq)→H+(aq)+A-(aq)
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Ka=[H+][A-][HA]
Where,
Ka is acid ionization constant,
[H+] is concentration of hydrogen ion
[A-] is concentration of acid anion
[HA] is concentration of the acid
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid HA percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
percentionization=[H3O+][HA]×100%
Answer to Problem 15.47QP
The percent ionization of given 0.00020M benzoic acid solution is 43%
Explanation of Solution
From the given concentrations of benzoic acid solution and Ka value of benzoic acid, the hydrogen ion concentration can be found out through equilibrium table for each of the given solution. Then percent ionization can be calculated from the obtained hydrogen ion concentration as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of x
Using the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$
Indicate characteristics of oxodec acid.
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