The following question can be explained by the classification of carbohydrates. Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are simple derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehydes , alcohols, ketones , acids, and their polymers having acetal type linkage. They may be categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains 1 unit. Disaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains2 units of monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides contain more than 1 unit of monosaccharide linked together with a glycosidic bond. Given: Here we are given the Haworth structure of Isomaltose which we get from thebreakdown of starch and we are asked to find out the whether it is mono-, di-, or polysaccharide. We are also asked to find the monosaccharides and glycosidic link in isomaltose. Also, we need to find α or β-anomer of isomaltose, and whether it is a reducing sugar.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following question can be explained by the classification of carbohydrates.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are simple derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, and their polymers having acetal type linkage. They may be categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains 1 unit. Disaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains2 units of monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides contain more than 1 unit of monosaccharide linked together with a glycosidic bond.

Given: Here we are given the Haworth structure of Isomaltose which we get from thebreakdown of starch and we are asked to find out the whether it is mono-, di-, or polysaccharide. We are also asked to find the monosaccharides and glycosidic link in isomaltose. Also, we need to find α or β-anomer of isomaltose, and whether it is a reducing sugar.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 15.45UTC

Solution: (a) It is a disaccharide.

(b) The monosaccharides of Isomaltase are 2 molecules of α-glucose.

(c) The glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1,6-glycosidic bond.

(d) The given isomer is α-isomer.

Explanation of Solution

(a) In the given structure, there are 2 units of monosaccahrides. Thus, it is a disaccharide.

(b) If the molecule of Isomaltase is broken, then there is formation of 2 monosaccharide units of α-glucose molecules.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition), Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC , additional homework tip 2

$I s o m a l t a s e \overset{}{\to} 2 α - g l u c o s e$

(c) The glycosidic bond in Isomaltase is formed between the C1 carbon of the 1st glucose molecule and the C6 carbon of the 2nd glucose. Thus the glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1, 6-glycosidic bond.

(d) When the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, then the isomer is called the α-isomer and when the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in upwards direction, then the isomer is called the β-isomer.

Here, the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, thus the given isomer is α-isomer.

Conclusion

Carbohydrates play important roles in the immune system, fertilization, blood clotting, overall development and preventing pathogenesis.

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For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HE

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following question can be explained by the classification of carbohydrates.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are simple derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, and their polymers having acetal type linkage. They may be categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains 1 unit. Disaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains2 units of monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides contain more than 1 unit of monosaccharide linked together with a glycosidic bond.

Given: Here we are given the Haworth structure of Isomaltose which we get from thebreakdown of starch and we are asked to find out the whether it is mono-, di-, or polysaccharide. We are also asked to find the monosaccharides and glycosidic link in isomaltose. Also, we need to find α or β-anomer of isomaltose, and whether it is a reducing sugar.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 15.45UTC

Solution: (a) It is a disaccharide.

(b) The monosaccharides of Isomaltase are 2 molecules of α-glucose.

(c) The glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1,6-glycosidic bond.

(d) The given isomer is α-isomer.

Explanation of Solution

(a) In the given structure, there are 2 units of monosaccahrides. Thus, it is a disaccharide.

(b) If the molecule of Isomaltase is broken, then there is formation of 2 monosaccharide units of α-glucose molecules.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition), Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC , additional homework tip 2

$I s o m a l t a s e \overset{}{\to} 2 α - g l u c o s e$

(c) The glycosidic bond in Isomaltase is formed between the C1 carbon of the 1st glucose molecule and the C6 carbon of the 2nd glucose. Thus the glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1, 6-glycosidic bond.

(d) When the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, then the isomer is called the α-isomer and when the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in upwards direction, then the isomer is called the β-isomer.

Here, the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, thus the given isomer is α-isomer.

Conclusion

Carbohydrates play important roles in the immune system, fertilization, blood clotting, overall development and preventing pathogenesis.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following question can be explained by the classification of carbohydrates.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are simple derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, and their polymers having acetal type linkage. They may be categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains 1 unit. Disaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains2 units of monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides contain more than 1 unit of monosaccharide linked together with a glycosidic bond.

Given: Here we are given the Haworth structure of Isomaltose which we get from thebreakdown of starch and we are asked to find out the whether it is mono-, di-, or polysaccharide. We are also asked to find the monosaccharides and glycosidic link in isomaltose. Also, we need to find α or β-anomer of isomaltose, and whether it is a reducing sugar.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 15.45UTC

Solution: (a) It is a disaccharide.

(b) The monosaccharides of Isomaltase are 2 molecules of α-glucose.

(c) The glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1,6-glycosidic bond.

(d) The given isomer is α-isomer.

Explanation of Solution

(a) In the given structure, there are 2 units of monosaccahrides. Thus, it is a disaccharide.

(b) If the molecule of Isomaltase is broken, then there is formation of 2 monosaccharide units of α-glucose molecules.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition), Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC , additional homework tip 2

$I s o m a l t a s e \overset{}{\to} 2 α - g l u c o s e$

(c) The glycosidic bond in Isomaltase is formed between the C1 carbon of the 1st glucose molecule and the C6 carbon of the 2nd glucose. Thus the glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1, 6-glycosidic bond.

(d) When the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, then the isomer is called the α-isomer and when the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in upwards direction, then the isomer is called the β-isomer.

Here, the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, thus the given isomer is α-isomer.

Conclusion

Carbohydrates play important roles in the immune system, fertilization, blood clotting, overall development and preventing pathogenesis.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following question can be explained by the classification of carbohydrates.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are simple derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, and their polymers having acetal type linkage. They may be categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains 1 unit. Disaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains2 units of monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides contain more than 1 unit of monosaccharide linked together with a glycosidic bond.

Given: Here we are given the Haworth structure of Isomaltose which we get from thebreakdown of starch and we are asked to find out the whether it is mono-, di-, or polysaccharide. We are also asked to find the monosaccharides and glycosidic link in isomaltose. Also, we need to find α or β-anomer of isomaltose, and whether it is a reducing sugar.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 15.45UTC

Solution: (a) It is a disaccharide.

(b) The monosaccharides of Isomaltase are 2 molecules of α-glucose.

(c) The glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1,6-glycosidic bond.

(d) The given isomer is α-isomer.

Explanation of Solution

(a) In the given structure, there are 2 units of monosaccahrides. Thus, it is a disaccharide.

(b) If the molecule of Isomaltase is broken, then there is formation of 2 monosaccharide units of α-glucose molecules.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition), Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC , additional homework tip 2

$I s o m a l t a s e \overset{}{\to} 2 α - g l u c o s e$

(c) The glycosidic bond in Isomaltase is formed between the C1 carbon of the 1st glucose molecule and the C6 carbon of the 2nd glucose. Thus the glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1, 6-glycosidic bond.

(d) When the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, then the isomer is called the α-isomer and when the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in upwards direction, then the isomer is called the β-isomer.

Here, the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, thus the given isomer is α-isomer.

Conclusion

Carbohydrates play important roles in the immune system, fertilization, blood clotting, overall development and preventing pathogenesis.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following question can be explained by the classification of carbohydrates.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are simple derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, and their polymers having acetal type linkage. They may be categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains 1 unit. Disaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains2 units of monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides contain more than 1 unit of monosaccharide linked together with a glycosidic bond.

Given: Here we are given the Haworth structure of Isomaltose which we get from thebreakdown of starch and we are asked to find out the whether it is mono-, di-, or polysaccharide. We are also asked to find the monosaccharides and glycosidic link in isomaltose. Also, we need to find α or β-anomer of isomaltose, and whether it is a reducing sugar.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 15.45UTC

Solution: (a) It is a disaccharide.

(b) The monosaccharides of Isomaltase are 2 molecules of α-glucose.

(c) The glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1,6-glycosidic bond.

(d) The given isomer is α-isomer.

Explanation of Solution

(a) In the given structure, there are 2 units of monosaccahrides. Thus, it is a disaccharide.

(b) If the molecule of Isomaltase is broken, then there is formation of 2 monosaccharide units of α-glucose molecules.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition), Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC , additional homework tip 2

$I s o m a l t a s e \overset{}{\to} 2 α - g l u c o s e$

(c) The glycosidic bond in Isomaltase is formed between the C1 carbon of the 1st glucose molecule and the C6 carbon of the 2nd glucose. Thus the glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1, 6-glycosidic bond.

(d) When the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, then the isomer is called the α-isomer and when the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in upwards direction, then the isomer is called the β-isomer.

Here, the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, thus the given isomer is α-isomer.

Conclusion

Carbohydrates play important roles in the immune system, fertilization, blood clotting, overall development and preventing pathogenesis.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following question can be explained by the classification of carbohydrates.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are simple derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, and their polymers having acetal type linkage. They may be categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains 1 unit. Disaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains2 units of monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides contain more than 1 unit of monosaccharide linked together with a glycosidic bond.

Given: Here we are given the Haworth structure of Isomaltose which we get from thebreakdown of starch and we are asked to find out the whether it is mono-, di-, or polysaccharide. We are also asked to find the monosaccharides and glycosidic link in isomaltose. Also, we need to find α or β-anomer of isomaltose, and whether it is a reducing sugar.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 15.45UTC

Solution: (a) It is a disaccharide.

(b) The monosaccharides of Isomaltase are 2 molecules of α-glucose.

(c) The glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1,6-glycosidic bond.

(d) The given isomer is α-isomer.

Explanation of Solution

(a) In the given structure, there are 2 units of monosaccahrides. Thus, it is a disaccharide.

(b) If the molecule of Isomaltase is broken, then there is formation of 2 monosaccharide units of α-glucose molecules.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition), Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC , additional homework tip 2

$I s o m a l t a s e \overset{}{\to} 2 α - g l u c o s e$

(c) The glycosidic bond in Isomaltase is formed between the C1 carbon of the 1st glucose molecule and the C6 carbon of the 2nd glucose. Thus the glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1, 6-glycosidic bond.

(d) When the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, then the isomer is called the α-isomer and when the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in upwards direction, then the isomer is called the β-isomer.

Here, the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, thus the given isomer is α-isomer.

Conclusion

Carbohydrates play important roles in the immune system, fertilization, blood clotting, overall development and preventing pathogenesis.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following question can be explained by the classification of carbohydrates.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are simple derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, and their polymers having acetal type linkage. They may be categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains 1 unit. Disaccharides contain an aldehyde or a ketone group and it only contains2 units of monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides contain more than 1 unit of monosaccharide linked together with a glycosidic bond.

Given: Here we are given the Haworth structure of Isomaltose which we get from thebreakdown of starch and we are asked to find out the whether it is mono-, di-, or polysaccharide. We are also asked to find the monosaccharides and glycosidic link in isomaltose. Also, we need to find α or β-anomer of isomaltose, and whether it is a reducing sugar.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 15.45UTC

Solution: (a) It is a disaccharide.

(b) The monosaccharides of Isomaltase are 2 molecules of α-glucose.

(c) The glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1,6-glycosidic bond.

(d) The given isomer is α-isomer.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

(a) In the given structure, there are 2 units of monosaccahrides. Thus, it is a disaccharide.

(b) If the molecule of Isomaltase is broken, then there is formation of 2 monosaccharide units of α-glucose molecules.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition), Chapter 15, Problem 15.45UTC , additional homework tip 2

$I s o m a l t a s e \overset{}{\to} 2 α - g l u c o s e$

(c) The glycosidic bond in Isomaltase is formed between the C1 carbon of the 1st glucose molecule and the C6 carbon of the 2nd glucose. Thus the glycosidic link in Isomaltase is α-1, 6-glycosidic bond.

(d) When the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, then the isomer is called the α-isomer and when the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in upwards direction, then the isomer is called the β-isomer.

Here, the hydroxyl group on C1 carbon atom is facing in downwards direction, thus the given isomer is α-isomer.