Chapter 15, Problem 15.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The primary types of atomic bonds that are carried in ceramics should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A ceramic is kind of solid material that comprises of inorganic material or compounds of metals, non-metals, or metalloid atoms that are initially held in ionic and covalent bonds. Examples of ceramics are brick, porcelain, etc.

Ceramics are widely used for application in domestic, industrial and building products as well as in the wide range of ceramic application in arts. The general properties of ceramics are high hardness, poor conductivity, high elasticity, etc.

Answer to Problem 15.1P

The types of primary atomic bonding used in case of ceramics are ionic bonding and covalent bonding.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic bonds: atoms having attraction among them with a long-lasting chemical bond is termed as atomic bonds. There are following two types of atomic bonds that are used in the case of ceramics:

1. Ionic bonding: the complete transfer of valance electrons between atoms that generate two opposite charged chemical ions is said to be ionic bonding.

In the procedure of bonding, the metal loses an electronand become positively charged ions and non- metal has the tendency to accept the same electron to become a negatively charged anion.

2. Covalent bonding: when the elements are in same or near in terms of periodic table position, the bonding arises by sharing of electrons among the atoms. This type of bonding is named as covalent bonding. In order to attainstability, they share electrons as none of the atoms has a tendency to donate electrons.

Conclusion

Ionic bonding and covalent bonding are the types of primary atomic bonding used in case of ceramics.