Microeconomic Theory
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337517942
Author: NICHOLSON
Publisher: Cengage
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Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15.11P
a)
To determine
Reason for extent of firm’s market.
b)
To determine
To find:
Profit maximizing
c)
To determine
To find:
Derivation of
d)
To determine
To find:
Profit at equilibrium is
e)
To determine
To find:
Number of firms to enter in long-run.
f)
To determine
To find:
Socially optimal level of differentiation
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Now suppose United Air Lines enters the Atlanta market. Consider this to be an oligopoly market with two firms that behave in a Cournot Model fashion. The
market demand schedule is cost schedule for both firms are:
P = 400 - .5*Q,
and firm level cost for both firms is
MC=AC=Scomp=100.
What is the Cournot Market Price? Fill in the blank below with your answer. Your answer should be entered as a whole number such as 102. If you get 102.56,
do not round or enter any decimal places, just enter 102 and nothing else for the answer.
Now consider Atlanta as an oligopoly market with five airlines that behave in a Cournot Model fashion. The Atlanta market demand schedule is:P = 400 - .5*Q.The Cost schedule for Delta is:MC=AC=Scomp=100.The Cost schedule for the other four firms (United, Southwest, et al) is:MC=AC=Scomp=100.What is the Cournot Market Price
Two firms compete in a market to sell a standardized product and the inverse demand in the market is P = 400 – Q where Q = Q1 + Q2. The cost functions are: C1(Q1) = 8Q1 and C2(Q2) = 36Q2. If this market is characterized by a Stackelberg oligopoly, what is the optimal amount for the leader (firm 1) to produce?
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- Now suppose United Air Lines enters the Atlanta market. Consider this to be an oligopoly market with two firms that behave in a Cournot Model fashion. The market demand schedule is cost schedule for both firms are:P = 400 - .5*Q,and firm level cost for both firms isMC=AC=Scomp=100.What is the Cournot Market Pricearrow_forwardEconomics Reference the following information about the market demand function for questions 1 to 15. These questions are on different types of market structures – monopoly, perfect competition, Cournot oligopoly market, and the Stackelberg oligopoly market. The market demand function is given the following equation: P = 2000 – Q where Q is the industry’s output level. Suppose initially this market is served by a single firm. Let the total cost function of this firm be given the function C(Q) = 200Q. The firm’s marginal cost of production (MC) is equal to the firm’s average cost (AC): MC = AC = 200. Now suppose the two firms engage in Stackelberg market competition. Assume firm 1 is the leader (first-mover) and firm 2 is the follower firm (second-mover). Marginal profit function of Stackelberg leader: 900−Q1 QUESTION 14: What will be the market price in this Stackelberg model? Group of answer choices $480 $650 $720 $900 QUESTION 15: Can you calculate the profit earned by the…arrow_forwardA duopoly faces an inverse market demand of: p= 390 - 341 - 392. You are told that firm 1 is the leader and firm 2 is the follower. Otherwise the firms are identical, each with a constant marginal cost of $90. What oligopoly model will you use to analyze this market? The Stackelberg model At the Nash equilibrium, firm 1 will produce 60.0 units. (Round your answer to one decimal place.) At the Nash equilibrium, firm 2 will produce 30.0 units. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)arrow_forward
- A certain rural village has numerous small farms which raise livestock. There are two large and equally sized landowners, Jimmy and Bob, which produce hay for the farmers’ animals. Below is the daily village demand for hay Suppose, for simplicity, that Jimmy and Bob have the same constant cost structure, so maximizing total revenue maximizes profit. If Jimmy and Bob initially form a cartel, but subsequently succumb to the temptation to cheat on each other, what will be the Nash equilibrium? Jimmy and Bob will each earn a daily profit of $625. Jimmy will earn a daily profit of $700 and Bob will earn a daily profit of $500. Bob will earn a daily profit of $700 and Jimmy will earn a daily profit of $500. Jimmy and Bob will each earn a daily profit of $525.arrow_forwardConsider a Duopoly model, in which two firms decide a quantity sequentially. For the convenience, let's say Firm 1 is a dominant firm and Firm 2 is a follower. The market demand is given by P=110 - 5Q, where Q is the total output (i.e., Q=Q1+Q2). Each firm has an identical cost function, TCi=7Qi, i=1, 2. Each firm maximizes its profit by choosing the quantity. In this Stackelberg equilibrium, Firm 1 will sell __________ units.arrow_forwardConsider a Duopoly model, in which two firms decide a quantity sequentially. For the convenience, let's say Firm 1 is a dominant firm and Firm 2 is a follower. The market demand is given by P=110 - 5Q, where Q is the total output (i.e., Q=Q1+Q2). Each firm has an identical cost function, TCi=7Qi, i=1, 2. Each firm maximizes its profit by choosing the quantity. In this Stackelberg equilibrium, Firm 1 will sell how many units.arrow_forward
- Consider a market that is a Bertrand oligopoly with 5 firms in the market. Each of these firms produce an identical product and each have the same cost function of C(Q) = 80Q. The inverse market demand for this product is P = 2480 – 2Q. What is the equilibrium market price?arrow_forwardTwo firms compete in a market to sell a standardized product and the inverse demand in the market is P = 400 – Q where Q = Q1 + Q2. The cost functions are: C1(Q1) = 8Q1 and C2(Q2) = 36Q2. If this market is characterized by a Stackelberg oligopoly, what is the optimal amount for the follower (firm 2) to produce?arrow_forwardUgly Dolls Inc. (UD) is a firm in Mytown that sells its products on a market under monopolistic competition. The cost function of UD is represented by TC = 100+10Q. Lately, because of the UD is making a big amount of profit, some firms enter the market to compete. Assume that Mytown engages in free trade in the dolls markets with Yourtown, who also faces a market with monopolistic competition. Because of this we can expect that, (a) The numbers of firms operating in this market will not change. (b) At equilibrium the profit of firms will increase. (c) The quantity of types of dolls available to consumers will increase. (d) All the above answers are correct.arrow_forward
- The French economist Antoine Cournot developed an interesting model of competition in an oligopoly that now bears his name. In a Cournot oligopoly, all of the firms know that the total output from all firms will determine the price (based on the downward-sloping market demand curve), but they make independent and simultaneous decisions about how much output to produce. Cournot developed this model after observing how a spring water duopoly (two firms) behaved. So let’s look at a duopoly example.For each firm to decide how much to produce, it must make a guess about how much the other firm is going to produce. Also, the firms basically assume that once the other firm has decided how much to produce, it can’t really change its decision.Here’s an example. Suppose the market demand curve for gallons of fresh spring water looks like the one below and, to keep things simple, the marginal cost of spring water is zero. If Firm X believes that Firm Y is going to produce 100 gallons of spring…arrow_forwardOne of the predictions of the oligopoly model is that: non-price competition is uncommon and price-cutting competition among rivals is common. prices tend to remain relatively stable despite short-run fluctuations in market demand. the firms' costs of production (raw material, labor, advertising) remain constant over time. only one buyer (monopsony) will result in the long run. MacBook Pro G Search or type URL * 23 3 41 5 6 7 8. Y U W E tab G s lockarrow_forwardConsider a homogeneous good industry (such as an agricultural product) with just two firms and a total market demand Q = 400−P, so the inverse demand is P = 400 − Q. Suppose both firms have a constant marginal cost equal to $100 per unit of output and a fixed cost equal to $10,000. One simple way to depict rivalry in a duopoly (2 firms) is the Cournot model. This model is reasonable in agricultural markets where firms choose production (plantings) in advance and the market price is determined later after the crop is harvested. In the Cournot model, we imagine that the two firms simultaneously choose their production or quantity and that demand (market clearing) determines the price given each firms’ quantity. (a) Suppose (hypothetically) that the second firm produces 0 units, and the first firm anticipates this, so the first firm is the only seller. How much will the first firm produce (in this case the first firm acts as a monopolist and sets output where MR = MC)? Hint: The first…arrow_forward
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