Chapter 15, Problem 15.103P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

MTBE (methyl tertiary-butyl ether) is synthesized by the catalyzed reaction of 2-methylpropene with methanol.  The balanced equation for the synthesis of MTBE has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkene reacts with alcohol to form ethers.  The alcohol forms alkoxide anion and it reacts with the alkene to form ether.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the government required auto fuel mixtures contain $\text{2}\text{.7\%}$ oxygen by mass to reduce $\text{CO}$ emissions, the number of grams of MTBE would have to be added to each $\text{100 g}$ of gasoline has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Mass percentage:

It is the concentration of an element or component in the total compound.  It can be calculated as

  $\text{mass percentage =}\frac{\text{weight of the component}}{\text{total weight of compound}}\text{ × 100}$

Mass:

  $\text{mass (g) = weight of the component × }\frac{\text{weight of the compound}}{\text{mass percentage of component}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of litres of MTBE would be in each litre of fuel mixture has to be calculated (density of both gasoline and MTBE is $\text{0}\text{.740 g/mL}$).

Concept Introduction:

The volume of the compound can be calculated by using the density of that compound.  Density can be calculated by using the equation

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Density = }\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}\\ \\ \text{volume = }\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{Density}}\end{array}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of litres of air (${\text{21\% O}}_{\text{2}}\text{ by volume}$ ) needed at ${\text{24}}^{\text{0}}\text{C}$ and $\text{1}\text{.00 atm}$ to fully combust $\text{1}\text{.00 L}$ of MTBE has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The ideal gas equation can be used to calculate the volume using pressure and temperature.  The ideal gas equation is

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{PV = nRT}\\ \\ \text{V =}\frac{\text{nRT}}{\text{P}}\end{array}$

Where, $\begin{array}{l}\text{P = pressure}\\ \\ \text{V = volume}\\ \\ \text{R = gas constant}\\ \\ \text{T = temperature}\\ \\ \text{n = number of moles}\end{array}$