Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14.7, Problem 1MQ
- In a coupled reaction, how can you tell the electron donor half reaction from the electron acceptor half reaction?
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The shape of radishes may be long (SL/SL), oval (SL/SS), or round (SS/SS), and the color of radishes may be red (CR/CR), purple (CR/CW) or white (CW/CW). If a long, red radish plant is crossed with a round, white plant, what will be the appearance of the F1 and F2 generations?
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Question #3:
In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would
transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming
there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are
inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if:
a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non-
apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic
and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female
first (left side) in the parental cross.
b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non-
apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic
and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female
first (left side) in the…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - What is the fundamental difference between an...Ch. 14.1 - What is the purpose of chlorophyll and...Ch. 14.1 - Why can phototrophic green bacteria grow at light...Ch. 14.1 - What are the functions of light-harvesting and...Ch. 14.2 - In which phototrophs are carotenoids found?...Ch. 14.2 - How does the structure of a phycobilin compare...Ch. 14.2 - Phycocyanin is blue-green. What color of light...Ch. 14.2 - What accessory pigments are present in...Ch. 14.3 - What parallels exist in the processes of...Ch. 14.3 - What is reverse electron flow and why is it...
Ch. 14.3 - What is the difference between cyclic and...Ch. 14.3 - What is reverse electron transport and why is it...Ch. 14.4 - Differentiate between cyclic and noncyclic...Ch. 14.4 - What is the key role of light energy in the...Ch. 14.4 - What evidence is there that anoxygenic and...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.5 - How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one...Ch. 14.5 - Contrast autotrophy in the following phototrophs:...Ch. 14.5 - QWhat is a carboxysome, and what is its role in...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.6 - What is FeMo-co and what does it do?Ch. 14.6 - How is acetylene useful in studies of nitrogen...Ch. 14.6 - How might the ability to fix nitrogen help a...Ch. 14.7 - In a coupled reaction, how can you tell the...Ch. 14.7 - How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic...Ch. 14.7 - Describe the major differences between...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.8 - What enzyme is required for hydrogen bacteria to...Ch. 14.8 - Why is reverse electron flow unnecessary in H2...Ch. 14.8 - QWhich inorganic electron donors are used by the...Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.9 - In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system...Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.10 - What is the function of rusticyanin and where is...Ch. 14.10 - How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?Ch. 14.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.12 - What are the electron donor and acceptor in the...Ch. 14.12 - What does electron transport in anammox bacteria...Ch. 14.12 - Compare CO2 fixation in anammox bacteria and...Ch. 14.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.13 - For Escherichia coli, why is more energy released...Ch. 14.13 - How do the products of NO3 reduction differ...Ch. 14.13 - Where is the dissimilative nitrate reductase found...Ch. 14.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.14 - How is SO42 converted to SO32 during dissimilative...Ch. 14.14 - Contrast the growth of Desulfovibrio on H2 versus...Ch. 14.14 - Give an example of sulfur disproportionation.Ch. 14.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.15 - What is reductive dechlorination and why is it...Ch. 14.15 - How does anaerobic glucose catabolism differ in...Ch. 14.15 - Compare and contrast ferric iron reduction with...Ch. 14.16 - What is the purpose of CO dehydrogenase?Ch. 14.16 - If acetogens conserve energy using the Rnf...Ch. 14.16 - What is electron bifurcation and what role does it...Ch. 14.16 - Compare and contrast acetogens with methanogens in...Ch. 14.17 - Which coenzymes function as C1 carriers in...Ch. 14.17 - In methanogens growing on H2 + CO2, how is carbon...Ch. 14.17 - How is ATP made in methanogenesis when the...Ch. 14.17 - What are the major differences in the conservation...Ch. 14.18 - When using CH4 as electron donor, why is...Ch. 14.18 - In which two ways does the ribulose monophosphate...Ch. 14.18 - What is unique about methanotrophy in...Ch. 14.18 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.19 - Why is H2 produced during many types of...Ch. 14.19 - Why is acetate formation in fermentation...Ch. 14.19 - Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation:...Ch. 14.20 - How can homo- and heterofermentative metabolism be...Ch. 14.20 - Butanediol production leads to greater ethanol...Ch. 14.20 - QWhat are the major fermentation products of...Ch. 14.21 - Compare the mechanisms for energy conservation in...Ch. 14.21 - What type of substrates are fermented by...Ch. 14.21 - What are the substrates for the Clostridium...Ch. 14.21 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.22 - Why does Propionigenium modestum require sodium...Ch. 14.22 - Of what benefit is the organism Oxalobacter to...Ch. 14.22 - Prob. 3MQCh. 14.22 - Give an example of a fermentation that does not...Ch. 14.23 - Give an example of interspecies H2 transfer. Why...Ch. 14.23 - Why can a pure culture of Syntrophomonas grow on...Ch. 14.23 - Why is syntrophy also called interspecies H2...Ch. 14.24 - How do monooxygenases differ in function from...Ch. 14.24 - What is the final product of catabolism of a...Ch. 14.24 - Prob. 3MQCh. 14.24 - How do monooxygenases differ from dioxygenases in...Ch. 14.25 - What is the benzoyl-CoA pathway, and how might it...Ch. 14.25 - How is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?Ch. 14.25 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14 - The growth rate of the phototrophic purple...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2AQCh. 14 - A fatty acid such as butyrate cannot be fermented...Ch. 14 - When methane is made from CO2 (plus H2) or from...
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- Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:arrow_forwarda. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involvedarrow_forwardIf you wanted to reduce the difference between peak and trough levels that occur with repeated administration of a drug, how would you adjust the dose and dose interval without changing the plateau concentration (plateau is the average of peak and trough levels)? Select your answers for both dose and interval. Hint: It may be helpful to think about this problem using an example such as food. How would you eat if you wanted to maintain very steady hunger/satiety levels without changing your total caloric intake? Options: A. Dose; Increase dose B. Dose; Decrease dose C. Dose; Do not change dose D. Interval; Increase the interval between doses (give the drug less frequently) E. Interval; Decrease the interval between doses (give the drug more frequently) F. Interval; Do not change the intervalarrow_forward
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