Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 4MCQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Robert Koch and Fredrich Loeffler in 1889 based on earlier concept, designed four criteria to establish causative relationship between a microbes and disease. This criteria are called Koch’s postulate which was published in 1890.
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The following are the limitations of Koch's postulates EXCEPT:
A. some pathogens cannot grow on artificial media and therefore cannot be identified as the causative agent
of the disease
B. some diseases involve multiple pathogens which produce similar symptoms making it difficult to pinpoint
the causative agent
C. some diseases are host-specific and re-inoculation may pose ethical concerns
D. some microorganisms are present in the body fluids of the infected animal which make them difficult to be
cultured
the following are the steps, listed in random order, for utilizing koch's postulates. what should be the second step out of the four listed?
a. a microorganism is found to be present in every case of a disease.
b. the same microbe discovered previously is isolated from the purposely infected host
c. the pathogen is isolated and grown in pure culture
d. the same disease results after isolated organism is inoculated into healthy host
Which of the following is not a factor that should be considered when selecting a antimicrobial drug?
A. The nature of the microbe causing the infection
B. The overall medical condition of the patient
C. The origin of the drug
D. The degree of susceptibility of the microbe to that drug
Chapter 14 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1RCh. 14 - Define symbiosis. Differentiate commensalism,...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3RCh. 14 - Prob. 4RCh. 14 - Distinguish symptoms from signs as signals of...Ch. 14 - How can a local infection become a systemic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7RCh. 14 - Prob. 8RCh. 14 - Acquiring a closely related strain causes severe...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10R
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 14 - All members of a group of ornithologists studying...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 1ACh. 14 - Florence Nightingale gathered the following data...Ch. 14 - Name the method of transmission of each of the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4ACh. 14 - Three days before a nurse developed...Ch. 14 - Three patients in a large hospital acquired...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3CAECh. 14 - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is prevalent in...
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- When determining the clinical significance of cultures, a. the number of microbes is signifi cant. b. the presence of a single colony of a true pathogen may indicate the presence of the disease if the culture comes from a site known to be sterile (i.e., cerebrospinal fl uid). c. the repeated isolation of a relatively pure culture of any microorganism can mean it is an agent of disease, although this is not always the case. d. a range of tests may be needed to identify a pathogen. e. all of the above are true.arrow_forwardRobert Koch developed a set of criteria (postulates) for conclusively demonstrating the aetiology (specific cause) of an infectious disease. Which of the following is not a postulate? The infectious agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro The disease is reproduced when a pure culture of the infectious agent is inoculated into a new susceptible host The infectious agent can be recovered from the experimentally-infected host The infectious agent is present in most cases of the diseasearrow_forwardAn elderly man with influenza acquires a case of pneumonia. Gram-positive cocci isolated from his sputum give beta-hemolysis on blood agar. The infection is very difficult to treat. Later, it is shown that the man shared the room with a patient with bone infection. Isolates from both infections were the same. a. Describe 2 biochemical tests that can be used for the definitive diagnosis. b. Describe 2 virulence factors of this pathogen and implicate them in diseases.arrow_forward
- a. List the main features of Koch′s postulates. b. Why is it so difficult to prove them for some diseases?arrow_forwarda.explanation on how a cultured bacteria should be able to cause disease in healthy organism once inoculated. b.explanation on how the bacteria should be able to reisolated from the experimentally infected host organism and should show similar properties of the original bacteriaarrow_forwardMatch the terminology correctly with the definition in the table below (eg A=1). TERMINOLOGY DEFINITION A. Aerosol 1. Disease caused by pathogen transfer B. Airborne infection 2. Process to kill or remove pathogenic microorganism (not spores) C. Asepsis 3. Organism capable of multiplication D. Decontamination 4. Process to kill/remove all microorganisms including spores and viruses E. Pathogen 5. Thick-walled resting cells formed by Gram+ organisms F. Infection 6. Organism able to cause disease in a host G. Disinfection 7. Suspension in air of finely dispersed solids or liquids H. Viable microorganisms 8. Caused by inhaling airborne material carrying microbial contaminants I. Sterilization 9. Prevention of microbial contamination J. Spores (bacterial) 10. Disinfection or sterilization of contaminated articlesarrow_forward
- The organism tested on Blood Agar (plate shown furthest to the left) is: a. Micrococccus luteus b. Staphylococcus aureus. c. Staphylococcus epidermidis You know because of which specific features of the hemolytic reactionarrow_forwardIf a patient suspected to have sepsis or meningitis, samples for bacterial testing should be taken before giving antibiotics. Explain why?arrow_forwardFor each of the following aspects, compare and contrast the EnteroPluri-Test System to the API® 20E System for Enterobacteriaceae identification. a. time requirement b. specimen preparation c. tests utilized d. anaerobic conditions e. interpretation of resultsarrow_forward
- Note that it is not appropriate to self-diagnose outside of a medical context and this is a completely hypothetical scenario. Imagine you have a rash on your foot. You're concerned that it's an infection and inoculate a sample onto an agar plate. You wonder, How can I figure out whether the pathogen is a bacterium vs a eukaryote? You decide to use lab supplies to get a basic understanding of the pathogen. Be specific about what tests you use and what you expect the results to be. Limit yourself to experiments we could do in our lab. What is one experiment you could do, involving culturing the organism?arrow_forwardNote that it is not appropriate to self-diagnose outside of a medical context and this is a completely hypothetical scenario. Imagine you have a rash on your foot. You're concerned that it's an infection and inoculate a sample onto an agar plate. You wonder, How can I figure out whether the pathogen is a bacterium vs a eukaryote? You decide to use lab supplies to get a basic understanding of the pathogen. Be specific about what tests you use and what you expect the results to be. Limit yourself to experiments we could do in our lab. What is a procedure you could do, involving making a slide of the organism?arrow_forwardI AM TRYING TO IDENTIFY THIS UNKNOWN. IMAGE 1 HAS TWO PICTURE OF CATALASE TEST AND BLOOD AGAR TEST. I believe it is one of the following: 1) S. pyo. 2)S. agal . 3)S.pneu. 4)E. faecalis 5)S. aureus 6)S epi. 7)S. sapro. 8)M. luteus Please let me know which test will i need out of the table to justify your reason of picking up the unknown and also how that test justifies it? what characteristics of that test made you pick the unknown?arrow_forward
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