A 19-year old female presented at the ER with fever, vomiting, intense headache and stiff neck. a )List three bacterial pathogens that would most likely be the cause of these signs and symptoms. Briefly describe each pathogen.  b) What treatment would you immediately start?

Jonathan Miller, aged 6 years, was brought to emergency room by his parents; he was presenting with fever, severe headache, a petechial rash, stiff neck and vomiting. Jonathan had a history of recurrent sinusitis and otitis media, all caused by pyogenic bacteria and treated successfully with antibiotics. Suspecting bacterial meningitis, the attending physician began an immediate course of intravenous antibiotics and requested a lumbar puncture. Neisseria meningitidis was grown from the cerebrospinal fluid. The physician was concerned about the recurrence of infections caused by pyogenic bacteria, and he suspected an immunodeficiency. He ordered blood tests and found the serum complement profiles to have low C3, factor B, and factor H, and undetectable factor I. Which of the following explains why a factor I deficiency is associated with infections caused by pyogenic bacteria? a. Elevated levels of C3 convertase C3bBb interfere with the activation of the classical pathway of…

A 12-year-old girl is taken to a walk-in clinic in her neighborhood drug store for a sore throat and fever. The mother states that the child has been just lying around and is having her period. The girl reports that she has had two periods in the past month and has to change her sanitary pad every couple of hours. The clinician notes several bruises, and the girl does not remember how she got them. After speaking with a colleague, the clinician advises the mother to take the girl to a local children's hospita to be evaluated. Later that day, the girl is diagnosed with ALL and begins chemotherapy. All leukemias have certain pathophysiologic features in common. These include: 1. Increased function of granulocytic-monocytic cells 2. Increased function of bone marrow to fight the leukemic cells 3. Overcrowding of the bone marrow 4. Decreased response to biologic response modifiers

Several persons working in an exercise gym acquired an acute diseasecharacterized by fever, cough, pneumonia, and headache. Treatmentwith erythromycin cleared it up. The source was never found, but anenvironmental focus was suspected.a. What do you think might have caused the disease?b. People in a different gym got skin lesions after sitting in aredwood hot tub. Which pathogen could have caused that?

Justine is a 14-year-old who is a star player on her high school's soccer team. The team is currently 17-2 this year and has a chance at going to the state championship. Over the past few days, Justine began feeling ill with noticeable signs of a high fever.  Her parents decided to take her to the emergency room to get looked at.  The attending physician admitted her to the hospital with an ongoing bacterial infection. It has been several days and the doctors are perplexed that her body is unable to fight off the infection. The doctors take a blood sample and have it sent to the lab for analysis. The lab results indicate that the vacuoles in her white blood cells are successfully trapping the bacteria.  However, one specific organelle is malfunctioning; specifically, this organelle is not binding to the vacuoles and therefore cannot release the enzymes necessary to break down the bacterial cell walls. Identify the malfunctioning organelle so doctors can begin providing the proper…

Please give an explanation: A 32-year-old woman visits her physician with complaints of feeling tired and stiff for the past 2 weeks. She reports that she recently returned from a 2-month-long solo hiking trip and thought the signs and symptoms resulted from her trip. However, within the past few days, she has developed pain in her joints, tendons, bones, and muscles 1.  The patient is unsure of when she was exposed to the infected tick. The physician decides to order the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), hoping the window is adequate for antibody production. The EIA results are positive. What is the physician’s next step? A. Make the Lyme disease diagnosis. B. Order a Western blot for confirmation.

Which of these statements concerning cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is true?a) It is caused by a yeast with a large capsule.b) It is a disease of trees transmissible to humans.c) It typically attacks the meninges but spares the brain.d) Person-to-person transmission commonly occurs.e) It is seen only in persons who are immunocompromised.

The parents of a 3-day-old male neonate are concerned by their child's condition. The child is irritable, has fever and blisters over most of his body, and peeling skin as seen in the attached image. Which of the following virulence factors produced by the most likely causal agent is responsible for this condition? Answers A - E A Alpha-Toxin B Beta hemolysin C Exfoliative toxin D Pyrogenic exotoxin E Toxic shock syndrome toxin O Question #6 attachment O .0

Why does necrotizing fasciitis require immediate surgery?