In Chapter 11 we described a research study in which the color red appeared to increase men’s attraction to women (Elliot & Niesta, 2008). The same researchers have published other results showing that red also increases women’s attraction to men hut does not appear to affect judgments of same sex individuals (Elliot et at., 2010). Combining these results into one study produces a two-factor design in which men judge photographs of both women and men, which are shown on both red and white backgrounds. The dependent variable is a rating of attractiveness for the person shown in the photograph. The study uses a separate group of participants for each condition. The following table presents data similar to the results from previous research.
Person Shown in Photograph | |||
Female | Male | ||
n=10 | n=10 | ||
White | M=4.5 | M=4.4 | |
Background Colour |
for Photograph
Person Shown in Photograph |
Female
Male
n=10
n=10
White
M=4.5
M=4.4
Background Colour
for Photograph
SS=6
SS=7
n=10
n=10
Red
M=7.5
M=4.6
SS=9
SS=8
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Loose-leaf Version
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- Does the example represent an observational study or an experiment? Car accident data is obtained from the Ohio database. It is found that more accidents happened at night.arrow_forward]14. Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behaviour of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M 34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS = 210 for a sample of n = 15 birds. (Now: If the eye spots have no effect. then the birds should spend an average of u = 30 minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eyes pots have a significant influence on the bird's behaviour? Ike a two-tailed test with…arrow_forwardA research article describes a study that investigated the relationship between depression and chocolate consumption. Participants in the study were 931 adults who were not currently taking medication for depression. These participants were screened for depression using a widely used screening test. The participants were then divided into two samples based on their test score. One sample consisted of people who screened positive for depression, and the other sample consisted of people who did not screen positive for depression. Each of the study participants also completed a food frequency survey. The researchers believed that the two samples were representative of the two populations of interest—adults who would screen positive for depression and adults who would not screen positive. The paper reported that the mean number of servings per month of chocolate for the sample of people that screened positive for depression was 8.37, and the sample standard deviation was 14.85. For the…arrow_forward
- A recent study randomly selected women from various countries around the world and collected information about diet and health. The women who at a Paleo diet had lower rates of Osteoporosis when compared to the other women in the study. A. Which is the explanatory variable and why. B. Which is the response variable and why. C. Write a conclusion appropriate for this type of study that describes the relationship between the explanatory and response variables.arrow_forwardSeattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…arrow_forwardSeattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…arrow_forward
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