Chapter 14, Problem 23Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Introduction: In the mitochondria, Electron transport system (ETS) forms a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that drives the production of ATP through chemiosmosis.

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.

Introduction: The protons generated in electron transport system (ETS) will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

C.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Introduction: Electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria, which has two phospholipid layers. Ubiquinone is an organic molecule that moves freely in the hydrophobic inner mitochondrial membrane through diffusion. This in turn creates a proton gradient and provides energy to generate ATP.

D.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Introduction: Ubiquinone and cytochrome c are electron carriers that can diffuse freely in the lipid bilayer. They have the ability to transfer electrons from one respiratory complex to the other complex present in the electron transport chain.

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Introduction: Mitochondrion is known as the power house of the cell. The ATP is synthesized by the electron transport system present in the mitochondria.

F.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Introduction: The series of complex reactions involved in the transfer of the electrons across the membrane is known as electron transport chain (ETC). This process occurs in the presence of oxygen. The oxygen accepts the two electrons and got reduced to the molecule of water in the ETC.

G.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Introduction: The electron transport chain (ETC) is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes, where it acts as a site for oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process through which ATP is produced through the use of ATP synthase.

H.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Introduction: The quinone that is present in the electron transport chain of mitochondria is called ubiquinone. For every electron it accepts, it has the ability to pick up one proton from the aqueous environment and as a part of its hydrogen atom, it can carry two electrons.