15-7 Answer true or false. The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral. The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde , ketone , carboxylic acid , or ester cannot be a stereocenter. Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. An unmarked cube is achiral. A human foot is chiral. Every object in nature has a mirror image. The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it. If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

15-7 Answer true or false.

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral.

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter.

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

An unmarked cube is achiral.

A human foot is chiral.

Every object in nature has a mirror image.

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it.

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral.

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.
A centre of symmetry
n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. The unsaturaled carbon atoms of cis-trans But-2-ene are examples of the trigonal planar stereocenter. Since an interchange of groups at these stereocenters gives a strereoisomer.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 1 or

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 3 or

Both cis-and trans but-2-ene have non-superimposable mirror images but posses an alternating axis of symmetry, therefore cis-and trans But-2-ene are achiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. But in case of aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids and ester, the carbonyl carbon is sp² hybridized due to which it forms a planar structure. Planar structures a have plane of symmetry due to which they do not possess a stereocenter. Also in carbonyl group, carbonyl carbon is linked with oxygen by two bonds that is double bond. Therefore, all the four groups are not different.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Stereoisomerism deals with the study of the spatial arrangements of the atoms in space. It does not mean to alter the connectivity of the atoms by mean of forming or breaking the bonds.

Since no bond breaking and forming takes place, thus the stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Constitutional isomers do not have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Constitutional isomers are those isomers which have the different connectivity with atoms but have same molecular formula.

Example-

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 5 and

Both have same molecular formula, but they both differ in connectivity of atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-An unmarked cube is achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

An unmarked cube is achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Achiral are those compounds, that have elements of symmetry or a molecule is superimposable on its mirror image.

An unmarked cube is an achiral because it can be superimposable on its mirror image.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-A human foot is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

A human foot is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

A human foot has a non-superimposable mirror image, thus human foot is chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-Every object in nature has a mirror image, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Every object in nature has a mirror image. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

Every object in nature has a mirror image. It may or may not superimpose, and therefore the object may or may not be chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 7

Asterisk represents the chiral centre, due to which the molecule becomes chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

15-7 Answer true or false.

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral.

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter.

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

An unmarked cube is achiral.

A human foot is chiral.

Every object in nature has a mirror image.

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it.

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral.

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.
A centre of symmetry
n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. The unsaturaled carbon atoms of cis-trans But-2-ene are examples of the trigonal planar stereocenter. Since an interchange of groups at these stereocenters gives a strereoisomer.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 1 or

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 3 or

Both cis-and trans but-2-ene have non-superimposable mirror images but posses an alternating axis of symmetry, therefore cis-and trans But-2-ene are achiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. But in case of aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids and ester, the carbonyl carbon is sp² hybridized due to which it forms a planar structure. Planar structures a have plane of symmetry due to which they do not possess a stereocenter. Also in carbonyl group, carbonyl carbon is linked with oxygen by two bonds that is double bond. Therefore, all the four groups are not different.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Stereoisomerism deals with the study of the spatial arrangements of the atoms in space. It does not mean to alter the connectivity of the atoms by mean of forming or breaking the bonds.

Since no bond breaking and forming takes place, thus the stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Constitutional isomers do not have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Constitutional isomers are those isomers which have the different connectivity with atoms but have same molecular formula.

Example-

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 5 and

Both have same molecular formula, but they both differ in connectivity of atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-An unmarked cube is achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

An unmarked cube is achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Achiral are those compounds, that have elements of symmetry or a molecule is superimposable on its mirror image.

An unmarked cube is an achiral because it can be superimposable on its mirror image.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-A human foot is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

A human foot is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

A human foot has a non-superimposable mirror image, thus human foot is chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-Every object in nature has a mirror image, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Every object in nature has a mirror image. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

Every object in nature has a mirror image. It may or may not superimpose, and therefore the object may or may not be chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 7

Asterisk represents the chiral centre, due to which the molecule becomes chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

15-7 Answer true or false.

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral.

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter.

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

An unmarked cube is achiral.

A human foot is chiral.

Every object in nature has a mirror image.

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it.

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral.

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.
A centre of symmetry
n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. The unsaturaled carbon atoms of cis-trans But-2-ene are examples of the trigonal planar stereocenter. Since an interchange of groups at these stereocenters gives a strereoisomer.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 1 or

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 3 or

Both cis-and trans but-2-ene have non-superimposable mirror images but posses an alternating axis of symmetry, therefore cis-and trans But-2-ene are achiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. But in case of aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids and ester, the carbonyl carbon is sp² hybridized due to which it forms a planar structure. Planar structures a have plane of symmetry due to which they do not possess a stereocenter. Also in carbonyl group, carbonyl carbon is linked with oxygen by two bonds that is double bond. Therefore, all the four groups are not different.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Stereoisomerism deals with the study of the spatial arrangements of the atoms in space. It does not mean to alter the connectivity of the atoms by mean of forming or breaking the bonds.

Since no bond breaking and forming takes place, thus the stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Constitutional isomers do not have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Constitutional isomers are those isomers which have the different connectivity with atoms but have same molecular formula.

Example-

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 5 and

Both have same molecular formula, but they both differ in connectivity of atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-An unmarked cube is achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

An unmarked cube is achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Achiral are those compounds, that have elements of symmetry or a molecule is superimposable on its mirror image.

An unmarked cube is an achiral because it can be superimposable on its mirror image.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-A human foot is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

A human foot is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

A human foot has a non-superimposable mirror image, thus human foot is chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-Every object in nature has a mirror image, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Every object in nature has a mirror image. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

Every object in nature has a mirror image. It may or may not superimpose, and therefore the object may or may not be chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 7

Asterisk represents the chiral centre, due to which the molecule becomes chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

15-7 Answer true or false.

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral.

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter.

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

An unmarked cube is achiral.

A human foot is chiral.

Every object in nature has a mirror image.

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it.

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral.

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.
A centre of symmetry
n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. The unsaturaled carbon atoms of cis-trans But-2-ene are examples of the trigonal planar stereocenter. Since an interchange of groups at these stereocenters gives a strereoisomer.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 1 or

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 3 or

Both cis-and trans but-2-ene have non-superimposable mirror images but posses an alternating axis of symmetry, therefore cis-and trans But-2-ene are achiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. But in case of aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids and ester, the carbonyl carbon is sp² hybridized due to which it forms a planar structure. Planar structures a have plane of symmetry due to which they do not possess a stereocenter. Also in carbonyl group, carbonyl carbon is linked with oxygen by two bonds that is double bond. Therefore, all the four groups are not different.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Stereoisomerism deals with the study of the spatial arrangements of the atoms in space. It does not mean to alter the connectivity of the atoms by mean of forming or breaking the bonds.

Since no bond breaking and forming takes place, thus the stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Constitutional isomers do not have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Constitutional isomers are those isomers which have the different connectivity with atoms but have same molecular formula.

Example-

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 5 and

Both have same molecular formula, but they both differ in connectivity of atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-An unmarked cube is achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

An unmarked cube is achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Achiral are those compounds, that have elements of symmetry or a molecule is superimposable on its mirror image.

An unmarked cube is an achiral because it can be superimposable on its mirror image.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-A human foot is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

A human foot is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

A human foot has a non-superimposable mirror image, thus human foot is chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-Every object in nature has a mirror image, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Every object in nature has a mirror image. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

Every object in nature has a mirror image. It may or may not superimpose, and therefore the object may or may not be chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 7

Asterisk represents the chiral centre, due to which the molecule becomes chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.
A centre of symmetry
n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. The unsaturaled carbon atoms of cis-trans But-2-ene are examples of the trigonal planar stereocenter. Since an interchange of groups at these stereocenters gives a strereoisomer.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 1 or

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 3 or

Both cis-and trans but-2-ene have non-superimposable mirror images but posses an alternating axis of symmetry, therefore cis-and trans But-2-ene are achiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. But in case of aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids and ester, the carbonyl carbon is sp² hybridized due to which it forms a planar structure. Planar structures a have plane of symmetry due to which they do not possess a stereocenter. Also in carbonyl group, carbonyl carbon is linked with oxygen by two bonds that is double bond. Therefore, all the four groups are not different.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Stereoisomerism deals with the study of the spatial arrangements of the atoms in space. It does not mean to alter the connectivity of the atoms by mean of forming or breaking the bonds.

Since no bond breaking and forming takes place, thus the stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Constitutional isomers do not have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Constitutional isomers are those isomers which have the different connectivity with atoms but have same molecular formula.

Example-

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 5 and

Both have same molecular formula, but they both differ in connectivity of atoms.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-An unmarked cube is achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

An unmarked cube is achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Achiral are those compounds, that have elements of symmetry or a molecule is superimposable on its mirror image.

An unmarked cube is an achiral because it can be superimposable on its mirror image.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-A human foot is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

A human foot is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

A human foot has a non-superimposable mirror image, thus human foot is chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-Every object in nature has a mirror image, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Every object in nature has a mirror image. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

Every object in nature has a mirror image. It may or may not superimpose, and therefore the object may or may not be chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 7

Asterisk represents the chiral centre, due to which the molecule becomes chiral.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.
A centre of symmetry
n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. The unsaturaled carbon atoms of cis-trans But-2-ene are examples of the trigonal planar stereocenter. Since an interchange of groups at these stereocenters gives a strereoisomer.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 1 or

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 3 or

Both cis-and trans but-2-ene have non-superimposable mirror images but posses an alternating axis of symmetry, therefore cis-and trans But-2-ene are achiral.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.
A centre of symmetry
n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 1P

The cis and trans stereoisomers of 2-butene are achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. The unsaturaled carbon atoms of cis-trans But-2-ene are examples of the trigonal planar stereocenter. Since an interchange of groups at these stereocenters gives a strereoisomer.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 1 or

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 3 or

Both cis-and trans but-2-ene have non-superimposable mirror images but posses an alternating axis of symmetry, therefore cis-and trans But-2-ene are achiral.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. But in case of aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids and ester, the carbonyl carbon is sp² hybridized due to which it forms a planar structure. Planar structures a have plane of symmetry due to which they do not possess a stereocenter. Also in carbonyl group, carbonyl carbon is linked with oxygen by two bonds that is double bond. Therefore, all the four groups are not different.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 20

Answer to Problem 1P

The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, or ester cannot be a stereocenter. Thus, statement is true.

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

A stereocenter is defined as an atom having groups of suitable nature so that interchange of any two groups will give a stereoisomer. However all stereocenters are not tetrahedral. But in case of aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids and ester, the carbonyl carbon is sp² hybridized due to which it forms a planar structure. Planar structures a have plane of symmetry due to which they do not possess a stereocenter. Also in carbonyl group, carbonyl carbon is linked with oxygen by two bonds that is double bond. Therefore, all the four groups are not different.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Stereoisomerism deals with the study of the spatial arrangements of the atoms in space. It does not mean to alter the connectivity of the atoms by mean of forming or breaking the bonds.

Since no bond breaking and forming takes place, thus the stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 27

Answer to Problem 1P

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is true.

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

Stereoisomerism deals with the study of the spatial arrangements of the atoms in space. It does not mean to alter the connectivity of the atoms by mean of forming or breaking the bonds.

Since no bond breaking and forming takes place, thus the stereoisomers have the same connectivity of their atoms.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Constitutional isomers do not have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Constitutional isomers are those isomers which have the different connectivity with atoms but have same molecular formula.

Example-

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 5 and

Both have same molecular formula, but they both differ in connectivity of atoms.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement- Constitutional isomers have the same connectivity of their atoms, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 34

Answer to Problem 1P

Constitutional isomers do not have the same connectivity of their atoms. Thus, statement is false.

Answer 35

Explanation of Solution

Constitutional isomers are those isomers which have the different connectivity with atoms but have same molecular formula.

Example-

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 5 and

Both have same molecular formula, but they both differ in connectivity of atoms.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-An unmarked cube is achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

An unmarked cube is achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Achiral are those compounds, that have elements of symmetry or a molecule is superimposable on its mirror image.

An unmarked cube is an achiral because it can be superimposable on its mirror image.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-An unmarked cube is achiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 41

Answer to Problem 1P

An unmarked cube is achiral. Thus, statement is true.

Answer 42

Explanation of Solution

Achiral are those compounds, that have elements of symmetry or a molecule is superimposable on its mirror image.

An unmarked cube is an achiral because it can be superimposable on its mirror image.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-A human foot is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

A human foot is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

A human foot has a non-superimposable mirror image, thus human foot is chiral.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-A human foot is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 48

Answer to Problem 1P

A human foot is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Answer 49

Explanation of Solution

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

A human foot has a non-superimposable mirror image, thus human foot is chiral.

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-Every object in nature has a mirror image, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

Every object in nature has a mirror image. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

Every object in nature has a mirror image. It may or may not superimpose, and therefore the object may or may not be chiral.

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-Every object in nature has a mirror image, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 55

Answer to Problem 1P

Every object in nature has a mirror image. Thus, statement is true.

Answer 56

Explanation of Solution

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.

Every object in nature has a mirror image. It may or may not superimpose, and therefore the object may or may not be chiral.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 7

Asterisk represents the chiral centre, due to which the molecule becomes chiral.

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 62

Answer to Problem 1P

The most common cause of chirality in organic molecules is the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different groups bonded to it. Thus, statement is true.

Answer 63

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 1P , additional homework tip 7

Asterisk represents the chiral centre, due to which the molecule becomes chiral.

Answer 64

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 1P

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.

Answer 65

Expert Solution

Answer 66

Expert Solution

Answer 67

Expert Solution

Answer 68

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement-If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

A plane of symmetry.

A centre of symmetry.

n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer 69

Answer to Problem 1P

If a molecule is not superposable on its mirror image, the molecule is chiral. Thus, statement is true.

Answer 70

Explanation of Solution

A carbon atom bonded in tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule is termed as chiral centre. It is not necessary all the time that the chiral centre is tetrahedral in shape; trigonal centres are also present in case of alkenes or unsaturated compounds.

If an object is superimposable on its mirror image, it cannot rotate plane polarized light and hence optically inactive.