Chapter 14, Problem 1E

Which of the following do you expect to be most water soluble, and why? ${\text{C}}_{\text{10}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{,NH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{OH,C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}\left(\text{l}\right){\text{CaCO}}_{\text{2}}\text{(s)}$ .

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The most soluble compound in water among C₁₀H_{8 (s)}, NH₂OH _(s), C₈H_{8 (l)}and CaCO_{3 (s)}needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Polarity is a factor which affects for solubility. In most cases, solutes dissolve in solvents which have similar polarity. Therefore, in order to answer this question, polar, moderate polar or nonpolar nature of each compound must be determined.Note that water is a polar solvent.

Answer to Problem 1E

CaCO_{3 (s)}is the most soluble compound in water from the given compounds.

Explanation of Solution

The compound CaCO_{3 (s)} is the only ionic compound among all the given compound.Water is a polar solvent. The dissociation of CaCO₃results in the formation ofCa²+and CO₃²-ions which are stabilized by the alignment of the dipoles of water molecules.

Conclusion

Thus, CaCO_{3 (s)} is the most soluble compound in water.