The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of CO 2 is increased has to be given. Concept Introduction: Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change. The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria: Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium. In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium. If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.102QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of CO2 is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria:

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if O2 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if C6H12O6 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if water is added to the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if a catalyst is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of the reaction without participating in the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to give new species called product.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.102QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of CO2 is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria:

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if O2 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if C6H12O6 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if water is added to the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if a catalyst is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of the reaction without participating in the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to give new species called product.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.102QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of CO2 is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria:

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if O2 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if C6H12O6 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if water is added to the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if a catalyst is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of the reaction without participating in the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to give new species called product.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.102QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of CO2 is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria:

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if O2 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if C6H12O6 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if water is added to the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if a catalyst is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of the reaction without participating in the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to give new species called product.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.102QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of CO2 is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria:

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if O2 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if C6H12O6 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if water is added to the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if a catalyst is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of the reaction without participating in the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to give new species called product.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.102QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of CO2 is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria:

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.102QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of CO2 is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria:

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if O2 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if O2 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if C6H12O6 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if C6H12O6 is removed from the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if water is added to the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if water is added to the mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if a catalyst is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of the reaction without participating in the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to give new species called product.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if a catalyst is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of the reaction without participating in the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to give new species called product.

In a chemical reaction, the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 14.1 - Consider the equilibrium XY, where the forward...Ch. 14.1 - The equilibrium constant Kc for a particular...Ch. 14.2 - Write Kc and Kp for the decomposition of...Ch. 14.2 - Carbonyl chloride (COCl2), also called phosgene,...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 4PE Ch. 14.2 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for Kc and...Ch. 14.2 - Consider the following equilibrium at 395 K:...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 7PE Ch. 14.2 - For which of the following reactions is Kc equal...Ch. 14.2 - You are given the equilibrium constant for the...

Solution Summary: The author explains Le Chatelier's principle: if equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will move the equilibrium to reverse the change.

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