
(a)
Interpretation: The reagents used for the transformation of given molecules should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Reagents: Chemical substances used in the process of
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical
Grignard Reagent: It is generally used in alkylation of
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of
(b)
Interpretation: The reagents used for the transformation of given molecules should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Reagents: Chemical substances used in the process of chemical reactions.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.
Grignard Reagent: It is generally used in alkylation of aldehydes and ketones. It converts carbonyl to carbon-oxygen single bond with making oxygen as OH.
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

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Chapter 13 Solutions
Organic Chemistry, Binder Ready Version
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