Chapter 13, Problem 59IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. Alkanes undergo radical bromination by using ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$ which provides ketone or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Sodium methoxide a strong base, which used for the abstraction the hydrogen from the molecule.

Grignard reaction: Organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) undergoes reaction with a ketone or aldehyde to form an alcohol

Hydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen ( ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$) and element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum are used for hydrogenation process.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. Alkanes undergo radical bromination by using ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$ which provides ketone or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Sodium methoxide a strong base, which used for the abstraction the hydrogen from the molecule.

Grignard reaction: Organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) undergoes reaction with a ketone or aldehyde to form an alcohol

Hydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen ( ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$) and element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum are used for hydrogenation process.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. Alkanes undergo radical bromination by using ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$ which provides ketone or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Sodium methoxide a strong base, which used for the abstraction the hydrogen from the molecule.

Grignard reaction: Organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) undergoes reaction with a ketone or aldehyde to form an alcohol

Hydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen ( ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$) and element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum are used for hydrogenation process.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. Alkanes undergo radical bromination by using ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$ which provides ketone or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Sodium methoxide a strong base, which used for the abstraction the hydrogen from the molecule.

Grignard reaction: Organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) undergoes reaction with a ketone or aldehyde to form an alcohol

Hydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen ( ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$) and element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum are used for hydrogenation process.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. Alkanes undergo radical bromination by using ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$ which provides ketone or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Sodium methoxide a strong base, which used for the abstraction the hydrogen from the molecule.

Grignard reaction: Organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) undergoes reaction with a ketone or aldehyde to form an alcohol

Hydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen ( ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$) and element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum are used for hydrogenation process.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. Alkanes undergo radical bromination by using ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$ which provides ketone or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Sodium methoxide a strong base, which used for the abstraction the hydrogen from the molecule.

Grignard reaction: Organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) undergoes reaction with a ketone or aldehyde to form an alcohol

Hydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen ( ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$) and element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum are used for hydrogenation process.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. Alkanes undergo radical bromination by using ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$ which provides ketone or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Sodium methoxide a strong base, which used for the abstraction the hydrogen from the molecule.

Grignard reaction: Organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) undergoes reaction with a ketone or aldehyde to form an alcohol

Hydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen ( ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$) and element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum are used for hydrogenation process.