The product of the given reaction to be predicted Concept Introduction: Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds. Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction. Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13.7, Problem 13.15P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13.7, Problem 13.15P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13.7, Problem 13.15P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13.7, Problem 13.15P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 13.7, Problem 13.15P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

Answer 6

Chapter 13.7, Problem 13.15P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

Answer 7

Chapter 13.7, Problem 13.15P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction to be predicted

Concept Introduction:

Addition reaction: A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.

Hydration: The Addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. An alkene does not react with pure water alone; it requires a small amount of acid to catalyst the reaction.

Markovnikov’s rule: In the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises as the nucleophile attached to the less substituent carbon centre and hydrogen attached to the more substituent carbon centre.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.1P Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.2P Ch. 13.2 - What are the IUPAC names of the two alkenes shown...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.4P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.5P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.6KCP Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 13.7P Ch. 13.5 - Many biological transformations can be simply...Ch. 13.5 - (a) After the reaction of 11-cis-retinal with...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 13.2CIAP

Solution Summary: The author explains the product of the given reaction to be predicted. Addition reaction: a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant.

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