Cardiopulmonary Anatomy & Physiology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337794909
Author: Des Jardins, Terry.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 13, Problem 8RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Electrocardiography is a technique by which electrical activity of the heart is recorded. This uses a standard 12-lead system which consists of positive and negative electrodes that measure the electrical activities of different regions of the heart. These activities are recorded on a graph which is called the electrocardiogram (ECG). The electrocardiogram consists of intervals, waveforms, segments, and baselines. The standard ECG contains the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, T wave, U wave, QT interval, and ST segments. The QRS complex has a higher amplitude than the P wave and consists of three waveforms, which are Q wave, S wave, and R wave.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 13 Solutions
Cardiopulmonary Anatomy & Physiology
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