Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Loose-leaf Version, 9th + WebAssign Printed Access Card, Multi-Term
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305932302
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 71AP
To determine
The orbit radius of the ionized matter.
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The radius Rh of a black hole is the radius of a mathematical sphere, called the event horizon, that is centered on the black hole. Information from events inside the event horizon cannot reach the outside world. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, Rh = 2GM/c2, where M is the mass of the black hole and c is the speed of light.
Suppose that you wish to study a black hole near it, at a radial distance of 48Rh. However, you do not want the difference in gravitational acceleration between your feet and your head to exceed 10 m/s2 when you are feet down (or head down) toward the black hole.
(a) Take your height to be 1.5 m. What is the limit to the mass of the black hole you can tolerate at the given radial distance? Give the ratio of this mass to the mass MS of our Sun.
The radius Rh of a black hole is the radius of a mathematical sphere, called the event horizon, that is centered on the black hole. Information from events inside the event horizon cannot reach the outside world. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, Rh = 2GM/c2, where M is the mass of the black hole and c is the speed of light.
Suppose that you wish to study a black hole near it, at a radial distance of 48Rh. However, you do not want the difference in gravitational acceleration between your feet and your head to exceed 10 m/s2 when you are feet down (or head down) toward the black hole. (a) Take your height to be 1.5 m. What is the limit to the mass of the black hole you can tolerate at the given radial distance? Give the ratio of this mass to the mass MS of our Sun. (b) Is the ratio an upper limit estimate or a lower limit estimate?
A spacecraft in the shape of a long cylinder has a length of 100 m, and its mass with occupants is 1 340 kg. It has strayed too close to a black hole having a mass 109 times that of the Sun. The nose
of the spacecraft points toward the black hole, and the distance between the nose and the center of the black hole is 10.0 km.
Black hole
L BC
100 m
-10.0 km H
(a) Determine the total force on the spacecraft.
N
(b) What is the difference in the gravitational fields acting on the occupants in the nose of the ship and on those in the rear of the ship, farthest from the black hole? (This difference in
acceleration grows rapidly as the ship approaches the black hole. It puts the body of the ship under extreme tension and eventually tears it apart.)
N/kg
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Loose-leaf Version, 9th + WebAssign Printed Access Card, Multi-Term
Ch. 13.1 - A planet has two moons of equal mass. Moon 1 is in...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.2QQCh. 13.4 - Prob. 13.3QQCh. 13.6 - Prob. 13.4QQCh. 13 - Prob. 1OQCh. 13 - Prob. 2OQCh. 13 - Prob. 3OQCh. 13 - Prob. 4OQCh. 13 - Prob. 5OQCh. 13 - Prob. 6OQ
Ch. 13 - Prob. 7OQCh. 13 - Prob. 8OQCh. 13 - Prob. 9OQCh. 13 - Prob. 10OQCh. 13 - Prob. 11OQCh. 13 - Prob. 1CQCh. 13 - Prob. 2CQCh. 13 - Prob. 3CQCh. 13 - Prob. 4CQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CQCh. 13 - Prob. 6CQCh. 13 - Prob. 7CQCh. 13 - Prob. 8CQCh. 13 - Prob. 9CQCh. 13 - Prob. 1PCh. 13 - Determine the order of magnitude of the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3PCh. 13 - During a solar eclipse, the Moon, the Earth, and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5PCh. 13 - Prob. 6PCh. 13 - Prob. 7PCh. 13 - Prob. 8PCh. 13 - Prob. 9PCh. 13 - Prob. 10PCh. 13 - Prob. 11PCh. 13 - Prob. 12PCh. 13 - Review. Miranda, a satellite of Uranus, is shown...Ch. 13 - (a) Compute the vector gravitational field at a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15PCh. 13 - A spacecraft in the shape of a long cylinder has a...Ch. 13 - An artificial satellite circles the Earth in a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18PCh. 13 - Prob. 19PCh. 13 - A particle of mass m moves along a straight line...Ch. 13 - Prob. 21PCh. 13 - Prob. 22PCh. 13 - Prob. 23PCh. 13 - Prob. 24PCh. 13 - Use Keplers third law to determine how many days...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26PCh. 13 - Prob. 27PCh. 13 - (a) Given that the period of the Moons orbit about...Ch. 13 - Suppose the Suns gravity were switched off. The...Ch. 13 - Prob. 30PCh. 13 - Prob. 31PCh. 13 - How much energy is required to move a 1 000-kg...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33PCh. 13 - An object is released from rest at an altitude h...Ch. 13 - A system consists of three particles, each of mass...Ch. 13 - Prob. 36PCh. 13 - A 500-kg satellite is in a circular orbit at an...Ch. 13 - Prob. 38PCh. 13 - Prob. 39PCh. 13 - Prob. 40PCh. 13 - Prob. 41PCh. 13 - Prob. 42PCh. 13 - Prob. 43PCh. 13 - Prob. 44PCh. 13 - Prob. 45PCh. 13 - Prob. 46PCh. 13 - Ganymede is the largest of Jupiters moons....Ch. 13 - Prob. 48PCh. 13 - Prob. 49PCh. 13 - Prob. 50APCh. 13 - Prob. 51APCh. 13 - Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 surveyed the surface of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 53APCh. 13 - Why is the following situation impossible? A...Ch. 13 - Let gM represent the difference in the...Ch. 13 - A sleeping area for a long space voyage consists...Ch. 13 - Prob. 57APCh. 13 - Prob. 58APCh. 13 - Prob. 59APCh. 13 - Two spheres having masses M and 2M and radii R and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 61APCh. 13 - (a) Show that the rate of change of the free-fall...Ch. 13 - Prob. 63APCh. 13 - Prob. 64APCh. 13 - Prob. 65APCh. 13 - A certain quaternary star system consists of three...Ch. 13 - Studies of the relationship of the Sun to our...Ch. 13 - Review. Two identical hard spheres, each of mass m...Ch. 13 - Prob. 69APCh. 13 - Prob. 70APCh. 13 - Prob. 71APCh. 13 - Prob. 72APCh. 13 - Prob. 73APCh. 13 - Two stars of masses M and m, separated by a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 75APCh. 13 - Prob. 76APCh. 13 - As thermonuclear fusion proceeds in its core, the...Ch. 13 - The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 79CPCh. 13 - Prob. 80CP
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- A massive black hole is believed to exist at the center of our galaxy (and most other spiral galaxies). Since the 1990s, astronomers have been tracking the motions of several dozen stars in rapid motion around the center. Their motions give a clue to the size of this black hole. a. One of these stars is believed to be in an approximately circular orbit with a radius of about 1.50 103 AU and a period of approximately 30 yr. Use these numbers to determine the mass of the black hole around which this star is orbiting, b. What is the speed of this star, and how does it compare with the speed of the Earth in its orbit? How does it compare with the speed of light?arrow_forwardWhat is the Schwarzschild radius for the black hole at the center of our galaxy if it has the mass of 4 million solar masses?arrow_forward(a) Show that tidal force on a small object of mass m, defined as the difference in the gravitational force that would be exerted on m at a distance at the near and the far side of the object, due to the gravitational at a distance R from M, is given by Ftidal=2GMmR3r where r is the distance between the near and far side and rR .(b) Assume you are fallijng feet first into the black hole at the center of our galaxy. It has mass of 4 million solar masses. What would be the difference between the force at your head and your feet at the Schwarzschild radius (event horizon)? Assume your feet and head each have mass 5.0 kg and are 2.0 m apart. Would you survive passing through the event horizon?arrow_forward
- Two black holes (the remains of exploded stars), separated by a distance of 10.0 AU (1 AU = 1.50 1011 m), attract one another with a gravitational force of 8.90 1025 N. The combined mass of the two black holes is 4.00 1030 kg. What is the mass of each black hole?arrow_forwardCalculate the effective gravitational field vector g at Earths surface at the poles and the equator. Take account of the difference in the equatorial (6378 km) and polar (6357 km) radius as well as the centrifugal force. How well does the result agree with the difference calculated with the result g = 9.780356[1 + 0.0052885 sin 2 0.0000059 sin2(2)]m/s2 where is the latitude?arrow_forwardWhat is the orbital radius of an Earth satellite having a period of 1.00 h? (b) What is unreasonable about this result?arrow_forward
- Compute directly the gravitational force on a unit mass at a point exterior to a homogeneous sphere of matter.arrow_forwardOn a planet whose radius is 1.2107m , the acceleration due to gravity is 18m/s2 . What is the mass of the planet?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are fundamental postulates of the special theory of relativity? More than one statement may be correct. (a) Light moves through a substance called the ether. (b) The speed of light depends on the inertial reference frame in which it is measured. (c) The laws of physics depend on the inertial reference frame in which they are used. (d) The laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames. (e) The speed of light is independent of the inertial reference frame in which it is measured.arrow_forward
- A star is observed to undergo circular orbit around the black hole located at the centre of the Milky Way galaxy. The orbital period is measured to be 16 years and the distance between the star and the black hole is determined to be 1000 Astronomical Units. Estimate the mass of the black hole in units of the Solar mass, and explain any approximations you make in your calculation.arrow_forwardA rogue black hole with a mass 39 times the mass of the sun drifts into the solar system on a collision course with earth. How far is the black hole from the center of the earth when objects on the earth's surface begin to lift into the air and "fall" up into the black hole? Give your answer as a multiple of the earth's radius. Express your answer using three significant figures. d = ΑΣΦ ? Rearrow_forwardA spacecraft in the shape of a long cylinder has a length of 100 m, and its mass with occupants is 1 500 kg. It has strayed too close to a black hole having a mass 102 times that of the Sun. The nose of the spacecraft points toward the black hole, and the distance between the nose and the center of the black hole is 10.0 km. Black hole -100 m- (a) Determine the total force on the spacecraft. N 10.0 km (b) What is the difference in the gravitational fields acting on the occupants in the nose of the ship and on those in the rear of the ship, farthest from the black hole? (This difference in acceleration grows rapidly as the ship approaches the black hole. It puts the body of the ship under extreme tension and eventually tears it apart.) N/kgarrow_forward
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