Chapter 13, Problem 5E

a)

To determine

To identify the type of study.

Answer to Problem 5E

The double-blind experimental study.

Explanation of Solution

First need to understand about the experimental study and observational study:

Experimental study: Assigning people or things to groups and applying some treatment to one group, while the other group does not receive the treatment.

Observation study: In an observational study, measure or survey members of a sample without trying to affect them.

This is an experimental study because the placebo-controlled experiment. Therefore, in this study, neither subjects nor the individuals who measure know which treatment was received. That’s why this is double-blind experimental study.

b)

To determine

To explain whether the design of the study appropriate.

Answer to Problem 5E

Yes.

Explanation of Solution

This experimental study is an appropriate because it allow us to see of the black cohosh is effective or not for hot flashes. Therefore, double-blind study is necessary because the results are not affected by the placebo-effect.

c)

To determine

To find the subjects in the study.

Answer to Problem 5E

351 women from the ages of 45-55.

Explanation of Solution

In this study, the subjects were 351 women from the ages of 45-55 who reported at least 2 hot flashes a day.

d)

To determine

To find the treatment and response variables.

Explanation of Solution

Treatment: Estrogen replacement therapy and placebo.

Response variable: Improvement ratings in their symptoms.