Chapter 13, Problem 57P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when 1-ethylcyclohexene treated with $H_2$ in the presence of $Pd$.

  

Concept Introduction:

Cyclic alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist of a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of $C_n{H}_{2(n-m)}$.

Reaction of an alkene with $H_2$ in the presence of $Pd$ will form saturated alkanes and the reaction is known as hydrogenation reaction.

Answer to Problem 57P

  

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated 1-ethylcyclohexene,alkene molecule reacts with $H_2$ in the presence of $Pd$ and form saturated alkanes. Bond between two H in the $H_2$ is broken and also a one-bond (of double-bonded) between two carbon-carbon bonds is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of $C-H$ are formed in the presence of $Pd$ metallic catalyst, which reduces the activation energy of the reaction. Refer to the below reaction:

  

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when 1-ethylcyclohexene treated with $C{l}_2$.

  

Concept Introduction:

Cyclic alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist of a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of $C_n{H}_{2(n-m)}$ . Dihalides are the molecules that have two halogen atoms in a molecule.

Reaction of an alkene with $C{l}_2$ will form saturated dihalides and the reaction is known as halogenation reaction.

Answer to Problem 57P

  

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated 1-ethylcyclohexene, alkene molecule reacts with $C{l}_2$ and form saturated dihalides. Bond between two $Cl$ in the $C{l}_2$ is broken and also a one-bond (of double-bonded) between two carbon-carbon bonds is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of $C-Cl$ are formed. Refer to the below reaction;

  

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when 1-ethylcyclohexene treated with $B{r}_2$.

  

Concept Introduction:

Cyclic alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist of a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of $C_n{H}_{2(n-m)}$ . Dihalides are the molecules that have two halogen atoms in a molecule.

Reaction of an alkene with $B{r}_2$ will form saturated dihalides and the reaction is known as halogenation reaction.

Answer to Problem 57P

  

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated 1-ethylcyclohexene, alkene molecule reacts with $B{r}_2$ and form saturated dihalides. Bond between two Br in the $B{r}_2$ is broken and also a one-bond (of double-bonded) between two carbon-carbon bonds is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of $C-Br$ are formed. Refer to the below reaction;

  

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when 1-ethylcyclohexane treated with $HCl$.

  

Concept Introduction:

Cyclic alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist of a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of $C_n{H}_{2(n-m)}$ . Alkyl halides are the hydrocarbon molecules that contains halogen atoms within the molecule.

Reaction of an alkene with $HCl$ will form saturated alkyl halides and the reaction is known as hydro halogenation reaction.

Hydro halogenation reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Answer to Problem 57P

  

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated 1-ethylcyclohexene, alkene molecule reacts with $HCl$ and form saturated alkyl halides. Bond between hydrogen and chlorine in the $HCl$ , is broken and also a one-bond(of double-bonded) between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile, new two bonds of $C-Cl$ and $C-H$ are formed.

Hydro halogenation reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When $HCl$ molecule is added to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category. Therefore, Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction:

  

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when 1-ethylcyclohexene treated with $HBr$.

  

Concept Introduction:

Cyclic alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist of a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of $C_n{H}_{2(n-m)}$ . Alkyl halides are the hydrocarbon molecules that contain halogen atoms within the molecule.

Reaction of an alkene with $HBr$ will form saturated alkyl halides and the reaction is known as hydro halogenation reaction.

Hydro halogenation reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Answer to Problem 57P

  

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated 1-ethylcyclohexene, alkene molecule reacts with $HBr$ and form saturated alkyl halides. Bond between hydrogen and chlorine in the $HBr$ , is broken and also a one-bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile, new two bonds of $C-Br$ and $C-H$ are formed.

Hydro halogenation reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When $HBr$ molecule is added to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category. Therefore, Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction;

  

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The product should be identified when 1-ethylcyclohexene treated with $H_{2}O$ and $H_{2}S{O}_4$.

  

Concept Introduction:

Cyclic alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist of a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of $C_n{H}_{2(n-m)}$ . Alcohols are the hydrocarbon molecules that contain OH group in the molecule.

Reaction of an alkene with $H_{2}O$ and $H_{2}S{O}_4$ will form saturated alcohols and the reaction is known as hydration reaction.

Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Answer to Problem 57P

  

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated 1-ethylcyclohexene, alkene molecule reacts with $H_{2}O$ and $H_{2}S{O}_4$ , form alcohols. One-bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the $H_{2}O$ , is broken and also a one-bond(of double-bonded) between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile, new two bonds of $C-OH$ and $C-H$ are formed. Hydrogenation occurs only in the presence of a strong acid such as $H_{2}S{O}_4$ . Refer to the below reaction;