Chapter 13, Problem 56E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The elements that undergoes oxidation and reduction in the given three reactions.

Concept introduction:

The loss of the electrons by the substance is known as oxidation and the gain of the electrons by the substance is known as reduction. The substance which donates the electrons is said to be oxidized whereas the substance which accepts the electrons is said to be reduced.
Oxidation number represents the oxidation state of the ions. An increase in oxidation number occurs by the loss of electrons while the oxidation number decreases by the gaining of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The amount of ammonia that is required to make $\text{1000}\text{.0}\text{L}$ of $\text{0}\text{.150}\text{M}$ aqueous solution of nitric acid.

Concept introduction: The number of moles of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ is calculated by the formula,

$n_{{\text{HNO}}_3}=M_{{\text{HNO}}_3}\times V_{{\text{HNO}}_3}$

The mass of ${\text{NH}}_3$ is calculated by the formula,


$\text{Mass}\text{of}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}=\text{Moles}\text{of}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\times \text{Molar}\text{mass}$