PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS (LL)W/ACC.
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781264088980
Author: Frank
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 13, Problem 4RQ
To determine
Explain the difference between planned and actual spending using an example.
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President Biden recently boasted of his administration’s success in lowering the deficit of the US government. This reduction could be considered “budget austerity”. Budget austerity usually involves a reduction in federal government spending and/or the raising of taxes to keep the budget deficit under control. Assume that just as austerity was beginning that we found the economy at a level of Ye that was below full employment (Ye < YN), as we did in the first two quarters of 2022. Illustrate graphically using the simple expenditure model developed in class what austerity will mean when for the level of planned spending when we start at Ye<YN, in theory, for the level of planned spending and equilibrium output as it takes effect. Lastly, given the movement you show in planned spending, if any, does the policy of austerity make sense if your goal is use policy to achieve YN? Explain.
Assume you are the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning for Ghana, in charge of Fiscal Policy. The Research Director of the Ministry brought you the following data on Ghana for the previous fiscal year, 2021. An examination of the data reveals that, during the fiscal year 2021, households in Ghana saved 20% of their disposable income (Yd) and spent the rest on consumption. In addition, GH¢5,000.00 was spent on Consumption expenditure (C), which is independent of income and Gross Private Investment (I) was GH¢7,000.00. Total Government expenditure (G) which stood at GH¢8,000.00 was supposed to be financed by a lump sum tax of GH¢2,000.00 (independent of income) and a proportional tax rate of 25% of national income. Exports (X) stood at GH¢2,500.00. In addition, the country’s import (M) during the previous fiscal year comprises of GH¢1,000.00 which was independent of the country’s national income and 10% which was dependent of the country’s national income. Given these data on Ghana…
In the country of Arcadia, the minimum amount of consumption spending that will occur in a
given year is $50- that is, no matter what level of income households have, the aggregate
amount of consumption spending in the economy will be at least $50. In addition, for every extra
dollar of national income, consumption spending will increase by $0.75. (Note: For the entirety
of this problem, assume that Taxes = trans fers = 0, and the aggregate price level in Arcadia is
fixed.)
a. What is the marginal propensity to consume in Arcadia? [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]
b. Write out the consumption function for the Arcadian economy. [TYPE YOUR ANSWER
BELOW]
Chapter 13 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS (LL)W/ACC.
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- Assume you are the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning for Ghana, in charge of Fiscal Policy. The Research Director of the Ministry brought you the following data on Ghana for the previous fiscal year, 2021. An examination of the data reveals that, during the fiscal year 2021, households in Ghana saved 20% of their disposable income (Y) and spent the rest on consumption. In addition, GH¢5,000.00 was spent on Consumption expenditure (C), which is independent of income and Gross Private Investment (I) was GH¢7,000.00. Total Government expenditure (G) which stood at GHe8,000.00 was supposed to be financed by a lump sum tax of GH¢2,000.00 (independent of income) and a proportional tax rate of 25% of national income. Exports (X) stood at GH€2,500.00. In addition, the country's import (M) during the previous fiscal year comprises of GH¢1,000.00 which was independent of the country's national income and 10% which was dependent of the country's national income. Given these data on Ghana…arrow_forwardAssume you are the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning for Ghana, in charge of Fiscal Policy. The Research Director of the Ministry brought you the following data on Ghana for the previous fiscal year, 2021. An examination of the data reveals that, during the fiscal year 2021, households in Ghana saved 20% of their disposable income (Y) and spent the rest on consumption. In addition, GH¢5,000.00 was spent on Consumption expenditure (C), which is independent of income and Gross Private Investment (I) was GH¢7,000.00. Total Government expenditure (G) which stood at GHc8,000.00 was supposed to be financed by a lump sum tax of GH¢2,000.00 (independent of income) and a proportional tax rate of 25% of national income. Exports (X) stood at GH¢ 2,500.00. In addition, the country's import (M) during the previous fiscal year comprises of GH$1,000.00 which was independent of the country's national income and 10% which was dependent of the country's national income. Given these data on Ghana…arrow_forwardThe magazine Women of China reported that Chinese women in big cities spent 63% of their income on consumer goods last year, up from a meagre 26% in 2007. Clothing accounted for the biggest chunk of that spending, at nearly 30%, followed by digital products such as cellphones and cameras (11%) and travel (10%). Chinese consumption as a whole grew faster than the overall economy in the first half of the year and is expected to reach 42% of GDP by 2020, up from the current 36%. Source: The Wall Street Journal, August 27, 2010 If the economy had been operating at a full employment equilibrium, (a) Describe the macroeconomic equilibrium after the rise in consumer spending. (b) Explain and draw a graph to illustrate how the economy can adjust in the long run to restore a full-employment equilibrium.arrow_forward
- Question #2. 13 On April 27, 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) released the data on GDP growth for the US economy for the first quarter of 2023 and revealed that the economy grew sluggisly by only 1.1 percent. Based on this report, suppose the U.S. consumers and businesses start to become pessimistic about the direction of the economy and eventually cut consumer and business spending, analyze using the IS-LM and AD-AS frameworks the short and long-run h effects of such a shock on prices, output, and real interest rate. # 3 E $ 4 Q Search R 15 % 5 f6 E L 6 17 4+ lyje Y 18 7 90 * 19 Page of 2 9 O f 112arrow_forwardThe aggregate expenditures of the hypothetical country shown includes $2 billion in investment expenditures, $3 billion in government expenditures, and $1 billion in exports. At a real GDP of $18 billion, consumption expenditures less imports equal $12 billion and imports equal $2 billion. Use this information to graph the aggregate expenditures (AE) function. Assume autonomous consumption and autonomous imports are $0. Aggregate planned expenditures (in billions of $) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 02 4 6 8 10 12 14 Real GDP (in billions of $) 45 degree line 16 18 20arrow_forwardSuppose you know the following facts about consumer behavior of Amy in 2019. In a year, Amy spends $10000 on basic household items regardless of how much she is earning. For every dollar of disposable income earned, Amy spends 50% on extra purchases. Amy pays taxes in the amount of $1000, and receives no transfers. Use this information to: Derive Amy’s consumption function in nominal terms. Suppose the price level index in the economy for 2019 is estimated to be P = 2. Rewrite the consumption function in real terms.arrow_forward
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- Suppose a closed economy with no government spending or taxing is capable of producing an output of $3,000 at full employment. Suppose also that autonomous consumption is $400, intended investment is $200, and on average households will save 25 cents of every additional dollar of income they receive. Calculate the following (express your answers as whole numbers without decimals, commas, dollar signs, or anything else). I found Value of output (Y) in equilibrium: ___2400___ Total consumption in equilibrium: ___2200___ I'm trying to find the multiplier. Could you show me a step by step on how you would figure the multiplier out?arrow_forwardAssume that GBP|USD = 2.00 (rate chosen for math ease). After the passage of a significant tax increase in the United States, the United States stock market is expected to drop significantly over the next month while the British stock market is expected to show steady growth. As a result which of following is most likely in a graph of the currency market with GBP per USD (original equilibrium is USD|GPB = 0.50) on the vertical axis (quantity of USD on horizontal axis)? Drawing a diagram would be useful. A. The supply curve would shift left and the new price would be greater than 0.50. B. The supply curve would shift right and the new price would be greater than 0.50. C. The supply curve would shift left and the new price would be less than 0.50. D. The supply curve would shift right and the new price would be less than 0.50.arrow_forwardThe equations for two consumption functions are shown below: C = 300+ 0.5Y C = 0.5Y We denote the equation: C = 300+ 0.5Y as C, and the equation: C = 0.5Y as C₁. These equations are graphed on a grid with aggregate consumption (C) on the y-axis and aggregate income (Y) on the x-axis. Given this information, the equation for C has a vertical intercept of and a slope of response as a whole number. Round your second response to one decimal place.) (Enter your first The equation for C, has a vertical intercept of and a slope of (Enter your first response as a whole number. Round your second response to one decimal place.) If the consumption function is C = 300+ 0.5Y, when income rises, APC If the consumption function is C = 0.5Y, when income rises, APCarrow_forward
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