1 Introduction: Matter, Energy, And Measurement 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Chemical Reactions And Reaction Stoichiometry 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure Of Atoms 7 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 8 Basic Concepts Of Chemical Bonding 9 Molecular Geometry And Bonding Theories 10 Gases 11 Liquids And Intermolecular Forces 12 Solids And Modern Materials 13 Properties Of Solutions 14 Chemical Kinetics 15 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Acid-base Equilibria 17 Additional Aspects Of Aqueous Equilibria 18 Chemistry Of The Environment 19 Chemical Thermodynamics 20 Electrochemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry 22 Chemistry Of The Nonmetals 23 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 24 The Chemistry Of Life: Organic And Biological Chemistry expand_more
13.1 The Solution Process 13.2 Saturated Solutions And Solubility 13.3 Factor Affecting Solubility 13.4 Expressing Solution Concentration 13.5 Colligative Properties 13.6 Colloids Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1DE: Which element is oxidized, and which is reduced in the following reactions? N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2... Problem 1E: Which of the following are redox reactions? For those that are, indicate which element is oxidized... Problem 2E Problem 3E Problem 4E Problem 5E Problem 6E: The solubility of Xe in water at 1 atm pressure and 20 °C is approximately 5103M . (a) Compare this... Problem 7E: The coinage metals (Group 1B) copper, silver, and gold have specific heats of 0.385, 0.233, and... Problem 8E Problem 9E: The contents of the closed box in each of the following illustrations represent a system, and the... Problem 10E: An aqueous solution of an unknown solute is tested with litmus paper and found to be acidic. The... Problem 11E:
4.42 Because the oxide ion is basic, metal oxides react readily with acids.
Write the net ionic... Problem 12E Problem 13E:
4.44 As K20 dissolves in water, the oxide ion reacts with water molecules to form hydroxide... Problem 14E: True or false: If a substance is oxidized, it is gaining electrons. If an ion is oxidized, its... Problem 15E Problem 16E: Which region of the periodic table shown here contains elements that are easiest to oxidize? Which... Problem 17E: Determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following substances: barium sulfate. BaSO4,... Problem 18E: Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: Sin... Problem 19E: Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following compounds: Co in... Problem 20E: Write balanced molecular and net ionic equations for the reactions of hydrochloric acid with nickel,... Problem 21E: Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following... Problem 22E: The enthalpy of solution of KBr in water is about + 198 kJ/mol. Nevertheless, the solubility of KBr... Problem 23E Problem 24E:
4.58 The following reactions (note that the arrows are pointing only one direction) can be used to... Problem 25E: Is the concentration of a solution an intensive or an extensive property? What is the difference... Problem 26E Problem 27E: Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains 0.175 mol ZnC12 in exactly 150 mL of solution.... Problem 28E:
4.62
Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 12.5 grams of Na2CrO4 in enough water... Problem 29E Problem 30E:
4.66 The average adult male has a total blood volume of 5.0 L. After drinking a few beers, he has a... Problem 31E:
4.67
How many grams of ethanol, CH2CH2OH should you dissolve in water to make 1.00 L of vodka... Problem 32E Problem 33E: Which will have the highest concentration of potassium ion: 0.20 M KC1, 0.15 M K2CrO4, or 0.080 M... Problem 34E Problem 35E Problem 36E: 13.36 Explain why pressure substantially affects the solubility of O2in water but has little effect... Problem 37E Problem 38E Problem 39E Problem 40E Problem 41E Problem 42E Problem 43E Problem 44E Problem 45E: Some sulfuric acid is spilled on a lab bench You can neutralize the acid by sprinkling sodium... Problem 46E:
4.84 The distinctive odor of vinegar is due to acetic acid, CH3COOH, which reacts with sodium... Problem 47E: A 4.36-g sample of an unknown alkali metal hydroxide is dissolved in 100 0 mL of water An acid-base... Problem 48E:
4.86 An 8.65-g sample of an unknown group 2A metal hydroxide is dissolved in 85.0 mL of water. An... Problem 49E: A solution of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M KOH is mixed with a solution of 200.0 mL of 0.150 M NiSO4. Write... Problem 50E: A 1.248-9 sample of limestone rock is pulverized and then treated with 30.00 mL of 1.035 M HCI... Problem 51E: 4.91 Uranium hexafluoride, UF6, is processed to produce fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear... Problem 52E: The accompanying photo shows the reaction between a solution of Cd(NO3)2 and one of Na2S What is the... Problem 53E Problem 54E:
4.94 You choose to investigate some of the solubility guidelines for two ions not listed in Table... Problem 55E:
4 95 Antacids are often used to relieve pain and promote healing in the treatment of mild ulcers... Problem 56E:
4 96 The commercial production of nitric acid involves the following chemical reactions
4 NH3(g) +... Problem 57E: Consider the following reagents: zinc, copper, mercury (density 13.6 g/mL), silver nitrate solution,... Problem 58E: 98 Bronze is a solid solution of Cu(s) and Sn(s); solutions of metals like this that are solids are... Problem 59E Problem 60E: Tartaric acid. H2C4H4O6, has two acidic hydrogens. The acid is often present in wines and a salt... Problem 61E Problem 62E: A solid sample of Zn(OH)2 is added to 0.350 L of 0.500 M aqueous HBr. The solution that remains is... Problem 63E Problem 64E Problem 65E Problem 66E: A fertilizer railroad car carrying 34,300 gallons of commercial aqueous ammonia (30% ammonia by... Problem 67E Problem 68E Problem 69E Problem 70E Problem 71E:
4.115 Federal regulations set an upper limit of 50 parts per million (ppm) of NH3 in the air in a... Problem 72E: A mixture of gases A2 and B2 are introduced to a slender metal cylinder that has one end closed and... Problem 73E: Practice Exercise 2 Calculate the change in the internal energy for a process in which a system... Problem 74E: A solid sample of Zn(OH)2 is added to 0.350 L of 0.500 M aqueous HBr. The solution that remains is... Problem 75E:
Practice Exercise 2
Calculate the work, in J, if the volume of a system contracts from 1.55 to 0.85... Problem 76E: Practice Exercise 1 A chemical reaction that gives off heat to its surroundings is said to be... Problem 77E Problem 78E Problem 79E Problem 80E: Practice Exercise 1 When 0.243 g of Mg metal is combined with enough HCI to make 100 mL of solution... Problem 81E: Practical exercise 2 When 50.0 mL of 0.100MAgNO3 and 50.0 mL of 0.100 M HCI are mixed in a... Problem 82E Problem 83E Problem 84E Problem 85E Problem 86E: Calculate H for the reaction C(s)+ O2(g)CO(g)+H2(g) given the following thermochemical equations:... Problem 87E Problem 88E Problem 89E Problem 90E Problem 91AE Problem 92AE Problem 93AE:
Use the average bond enthalpies in Table 5.4 to estimate ∆H for the combustion of ethanol.
H... Problem 94AE Problem 95AE Problem 96AE: One of the important ideas of thermodynamics is that energy can be transferred in the form of heat... Problem 97AE: Two positively charged spheres, each with a charge of 2.0x10-5 C, a mass of 1.0 kg, and separated by... Problem 98AE: SI The accompanying photo shows a pipevine swallowtail caterpillar climbing up a twig. As the... Problem 99AE: Consider the accompanying energy diagram. Does this diagram represent an increase or decrease in the... Problem 100AE: Write balanced net ionic equations for the reactions that occur in each of the following cases.... Problem 101AE:
4.27 Separate samples of a solution of an unknown salt are treated with dilute solutions of HBr,... Problem 102AE Problem 103AE Problem 104AE Problem 105AE Problem 106IE Problem 107IE: State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case.... Problem 108IE: State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case.... Problem 109IE: A textbook on chemical thermodynamics states, “The heat of solution represents the difference... Problem 110IE Problem 111IE Problem 112IE: Complete and balance the following molecular equations, and then write the net ionic equation for... Problem 113IE:
[13.113]At 35°C the vapor pressure of acetone, (CH3)2CO, is 360
torr, and that of chloroform,... Problem 114IE: Write balanced molecular and net ionic equations for the following reactions, and identify the gas... format_list_bulleted