The principal organic product for each reaction is to be identified. Concept introduction: All activating substituents in the ring are ortho and para directing. Halogen substituents are ortho and para-directing but slightly deactivating. Meta directing substituents are strongly deactivating. When a benzene ring contains two or more substituents, the cumulative effects of its substituent predict its reactivity and the site of further substitution. The regioselectivity of electrophilic aromatic substitution is controlled by the more activating substituent. The substitution usually occurs at the less hindered site, when two positions are comparably activated. Often the directing effects of substituents strengthen each other. Electrophilic aromatic substation can take place at both the ortho and para positions, if an activating and o-p directing substituent is attached to a benzene ring. If a deactivating and meta directing substituent is attached to a benzene ring, electrophilic aromatic substitution can take place at both meta positions. Electrophilic aromatic substation can take place at both meta positions, if a deactivating and meta directing substituent is attached to a benzene ring. For a biphenyl compound, two benzene rings are connected by a single bond. In substituted biphenyls, each ring is numbered separately using primed and nonprimed numbers. The numbering begins at the carbon containing single bond. If only one substituent is present in the biphenyl ring, then its position is designated as being ortho, meta, or para to the other ring.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The principal organic product for each reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

All activating substituents in the ring are ortho and para directing.

Halogen substituents are ortho and para-directing but slightly deactivating.

Meta directing substituents are strongly deactivating.

When a benzene ring contains two or more substituents, the cumulative effects of its substituent predict its reactivity and the site of further substitution.

The regioselectivity of electrophilic aromatic substitution is controlled by the more activating substituent.

The substitution usually occurs at the less hindered site, when two positions are comparably activated.

Often the directing effects of substituents strengthen each other.

Electrophilic aromatic substation can take place at both the ortho and para positions, if an activating and o-p directing substituent is attached to a benzene ring.

If a deactivating and meta directing substituent is attached to a benzene ring, electrophilic aromatic substitution can take place at both meta positions.

Electrophilic aromatic substation can take place at both meta positions, if a deactivating and meta directing substituent is attached to a benzene ring.

For a biphenyl compound, two benzene rings are connected by a single bond. In substituted biphenyls, each ring is numbered separately using primed and nonprimed numbers. The numbering begins at the carbon containing single bond. If only one substituent is present in the biphenyl ring, then its position is designated as being ortho, meta, or para to the other ring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Draw the Fischer projection of D-fructose. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Skip Part Check AP 14 tv SC F1 F2 80 F3 a F4 ! 2 # 3 CF F5 75 Ax MacBook Air 894 $ 5olo % Λ 6 > W F6 K F7 &

Consider this step in a radical reaction: Y What type of step is this? Check all that apply. Draw the products of the step on the right-hand side of the drawing area below. If more than one set of products is possible, draw any set. Also, draw the mechanism arrows on the left-hand side of the drawing area to show how this happens. ionization propagation initialization passivation none of the above

22.16 The following groups are ortho-para directors. (a) -C=CH₂ H (d) -Br (b) -NH2 (c) -OCHS Draw a contributing structure for the resonance-stabilized cation formed during elec- trophilic aromatic substitution that shows the role of each group in stabilizing the intermediate by further delocalizing its positive charge. 22.17 Predict the major product or products from treatment of each compound with Cl₁/FeCl₂- OH (b) NO2 CHO 22.18 How do you account for the fact that phenyl acetate is less reactive toward electro- philic aromatic substitution than anisole? Phenyl acetate Anisole CH (d)