
Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780131679955
Author: Edgar G. Goodaire
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1.3, Problem 1TFQ
An argument is valid if, whenever the conclusion is true, then the premises are also true.
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Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p − 1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
p-1
2
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
23
32
how come?
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p-1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
2
p-1
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
23
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
2°
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
how come?
Shading a Venn diagram with 3 sets: Unions, intersections, and...
The Venn diagram shows sets A, B, C, and the universal set U.
Shade (CUA)' n B on the Venn diagram.
U
Explanation
Check
A-
B
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory
Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
“” means “”
Ch. 1.1 - A truth table based on four simple statements...Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
2. If is true, then is also...Ch. 1.1 - If p and q are both false, the truth value of...Ch. 1.1 - If pq is false, the truth value of (pq)(pq) is...Ch. 1.1 - pq andqp are logically equivalent.Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
7. A statement and its...Ch. 1.1 - (pq)(pq) is a tautology.Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
9. If B is a tautology and A...Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
10. If A and B are both...
Ch. 1.1 - Construct a truth table for each of the following...Ch. 1.1 - (a) If pq is false, determine the truth value of...Ch. 1.1 - 3. Determine the truth value for
when are all...Ch. 1.1 - 4. Repeat Exercise 3 in the case where are all...Ch. 1.1 - 5. (a) Show that is a tautology.
(b) Show that ...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.1 - 10. (a) Show that the statement is not logically...Ch. 1.1 - 11. If and are statements, then the compound...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
Two statements A and B are...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
2. “A B” and “A B” mean the...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
3. () () for any statement ....Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
4. for any statements
Ch. 1.2 - (p(qr))((pq)(pr)) for any statements p,q,r.Ch. 1.2 - ((pq))((p)(q)) for any statements p,q.Ch. 1.2 - If A Band C is any statement, then (A C) (B ...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
8. is in disjunctive normal...Ch. 1.2 - (pq(r))((p)(q)(r)) is in disjunctive normal form.Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
10. Disjunctive normal form...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 1.2 - (a) Show that p[(pq)] is a tautology. (b) What is...Ch. 1.2 - Simplify each of the following statements. (a)...Ch. 1.2 - 4. Using truth tables, verify the following...Ch. 1.2 - 5. Using the properties in the text together with...Ch. 1.2 - Prove that the statements (p(q))q and (p(q))p are...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.2 - Express each of the following statements in...Ch. 1.2 - Find out what you can about Augustus De Morgan and...Ch. 1.3 - True/False Questions
An argument is valid if,...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 3TFQCh. 1.3 - True/False Questions
4. De Morgan’s laws are two...Ch. 1.3 - The chain rule has pq and qr as its premises.Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 7TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 8TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 9TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 10TFQCh. 1.3 - Determine whether or not each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - 2. Verify that each of the five rules of inference...Ch. 1.3 - Verify that each of the following arguments is...Ch. 1.3 - Test the validity of each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - 5. Determine the validity of each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.3 - 10. What language is being used when we say “modus...Ch. 1 - Construct a truth table for the compound statement...Ch. 1 - Determine the truth value of [p(q((r)s))](rt),...Ch. 1 - 3. Determine whether each statement is a...Ch. 1 - Two compound statements A and B have the property...Ch. 1 - 5. (a) Suppose A, B, and C are compound statements...Ch. 1 - Establish the logical equivalence of each of the...Ch. 1 - 7. Express each of the following statements in...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each of the following arguments...Ch. 1 - Discuss the validity of the argument pq(p)r Purple...Ch. 1 - 10. Determine the validity of each of the...
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