EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220100667978
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 1AAATB
Unless handled properly by living systems, oxygen can be quite damaging to cells. Imagine an ancient nucleated cell that ingests an oxygen-using bacterium. In an environment where oxygen levels are increasing, why might natural selection favor a eukaryotic cell that did not digest the bacterium but instead provided a “safe haven” for it?
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You discover a new species of bacteria that grows in aquatic environments with high salt levels. While studying these bacteria, you note that their internal environment is similar to the salt concentrations in their surroundings. You also discover that the internal salt concentrations of the bacteria change as the salt concentration in their environment changes. The new species can tolerate small changes in this way, but dies from large changes because it has no mechanism for altering its own internal salt levels. What type of homeostatic mechanism is this species using to regulate its internal salt levels?
regulation
integration
assimilation
conformation
According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey as
illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, except:
Endosymbiosis in a nutshell:
1. Start with two
2. One bacterium
engulfs the other.
3. One bacterium now
lives inside the other.
independent bacteria.
4. Both bacteria benefit
from the arrangement.
5. The internal bacteria are passed
on from generation to generation.
O a
they each have a double membrane
they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host
they are the size of bacteria
their DNA is different from its host
Evolutionary microbiologists developed a theory about a common ancestor for all eukaryotic cells. Below is a model of the theorized changes during the origin of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are not capable of phagocytosis, or engulfing outside particles by creating a pocket in the cell membrane.
Which of the following changes in early prokaryotes could be predicted to result in the emergence of eukaryotic organisms?
A - the development of genetic transfer mechanisms in prokaryotes
B - the evolution of predatory or parasitic relationships in prokaryotes
C - the emergence of collections of cells functioning together in prokaryotes
D = the expansion of internal structures to support larger individual cells in prokaryotes
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 13 - How many different species have been identified by...Ch. 13 - Plants experienced an adaptive radiation after the...Ch. 13 - How are hypotheses about the evolutionary...Ch. 13 - Which of the following kingdoms or domains is a...Ch. 13 - Comparisons of ribosomal RNA among many different...Ch. 13 - On examining cells under a microscope, you notice...Ch. 13 - The mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell ___________....Ch. 13 - Prob. 8LTBCh. 13 - Prob. 9LTBCh. 13 - Phylogenies are created based on the principle...
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- Some prokaryotes, especially archaea, are capable of living in extreme environments, such as deep-sea vents, where temperatures can reach 80°C (176°F). Few organisms can survive at this temperature. What adaptations might archaea possess that allow them to survive in such extreme heat?arrow_forwardAfter the glacial retreat at the end of the last ice age, some three-spine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were isolated in small lakes. A mutation occurred in these fish that resulted in the loss of pelvic spines. Today, all freshwater sticklebacks lack pelvic spines, but are still classified as members of the same species as marine sticklebacks. Scientists collected sticklebacks from both marine and freshwater environments and placed them together in a controlled environment. Which of the following statements describes the effect of the mutation on their ability to interbreed? They should be able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring. They will not be able to interbreed and produce offspring because of hybrid breakdown. They will not be able to interbreed and produce offspring because of mechanical isolation. They should be able to interbreed and produce offspring, but the offspring may experience reduced hybrid fertility.arrow_forwardBacteria are known to change the kinds of fatty acids they produce as the temperature of their environment changes. What types of changes in fatty acids would you expect as the temperature drops? Why would this be adaptive?arrow_forward
- Read this passage from the lesson and answer the questions that follow. Domains The six-kingdom system didn't show that all four eukaryote kingdoms are more closely related to each other than to the two bacteria kingdoms. It also didn't show that the two bacteria kingdoms are as different from each other as they are from the eukaryote kingdoms. To show these similarities and differences, a new taxon, called the domain, was introduced. It was defined as a taxon higher than the kingdom. The Three-Domain System In 1990, a new classification system was introduced that contained three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The Bacteria domain was formerly the Eubacteria kingdom, and the Archaea domain was formerly the Archaebacteria kingdom. The Eukarya domain includes all four eukaryote kingdoms: plants, animals, protists, and fungi. The three-domain system emphasizes the similarities among eukaryotes and the differences among eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. By using domains, these…arrow_forwardUsing the analogy of a one-hour countdown timer, when did prokaryotes originate? When did the colonization of land occur?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true regarding the diversity of life ? a) Domain Archaea does not contain any disease-causing organisms. b) Bacteria can vary greatly in size and range up to 700 µm in length Microbial Eukarya may have first arisen two billion years ago, well before fungi, plants c) animal d) All of the above are true 7:33 /arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are TRUE about organisms in the Domain Bacteria? I. Consist of bacteria and cyanobacteria II. Some are photoautotrophs III. Genetic material is a single stranded DNA IV. Organelles are not presentarrow_forwardIn the domain system of classification, prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The two domains differ in all BUT one feature. Which feature do they have in common? A. They both thrive in extreme environments. B. They both have prokaryotic cells. C. They both are able to live only under anaerobic conditions. D. They both have identical cell walls.arrow_forwardChoose one prokaryote (bacteria or archaea) AND one protest. You can choose a species or more general taxonomic group of interest. Then address the following questions for each. 1. What does the organism look like? Describe or include an image. 2. How does it obtain energy? 3. How does it reproduce? 4. What are its close relatives in the tree of life? 5. Why is it important from a human perspective?arrow_forward
- Microbiologists have announced the discovery of over 30 new species of bacteria that thrive between the teeth and gums of humans. The bacteria could not be grown in the researcher's laboratories, nor were any of them ever observed via and kind of microscopy. If they couldn't culture them or see them, how could the researchers know they discovered a new species? If they couldn't examine the cells for the presence of a nucleus, how did they determine that the organisms were prokaryotes and not eukaryotes?arrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is NOT true about the evolution of life on earth? Eukaryotes and prokaryotes appeared at about the same time and evolved independently from each other. O None of the other four answers (all are true statements) Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic prokaryotes living inside other prokaryotes Mitochondria and chloroplasts are in some ways similar to prokaryotes The first life on earth was simple organisms, similar to today's prokaryotesarrow_forwardThis domain is characterized by ancient bacteria that can live in extreme environments, such as volcanoes eukarya bacteria prokarya archaeaarrow_forward
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