
(a) Interpretation:
The reason that the glucose consumption must increase in the hypoxic tissues to provide the same amount of ATP that could be produced from glucose in normoxic tissues.
Concept introduction:
Hypoxia can be defined as the medical condition when the tissues of the affected person are starved of the oxygen. The hypoxia can be of four different types, namely the hypoxemic type, anemic type, stagnant type, and the histotoxic type. In the extreme cases, when no oxygen is present in the body tissues, it is known as anoxia.
(b) Interpretation:
The process by which the increase in the LDH expression will increase the glycolysis rate.
Concept introduction:
The LDH is known as the lactate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is present in almost all the cells of the body of all the living organisms. This enzyme converts the sugars consumed into energy through the process of glycolysis.
(c) Interpretation:
The reason that the increase in the PDK expression leads to a decreased rate of mitochondria respiration.
Concept introduction:
PDK, or the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase is an enzyme, which is used to inactivate the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme. This inactivation is done by this enzyme by phosphorylating the pyruvate dehydrogenase using the ATP.

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Chapter 13 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections
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- 1. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following aldol condensation? O NaOH, H₂O heat A B C D Earrow_forwardAn organic chemist ordered the wrong item. She wanted to obtain 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, butinstead ordered 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde. As a good biochemist, show how the organic chemistcould use biological catalysis to make her desired compound. Please show the mechanism by drawing.arrow_forwardShow the fate of the hydrogen on carbon-2 of glucose. Please draw out the structure using curve arrows to show electron flow.arrow_forward
- 3. Which one of the compounds below is the major product formed by the reaction sequence shown here? CH3 + CH3NO2 NaOH H2, Ni ? nitromethane acetophenone OH OH HO HN- u x x x x Ph A HO -NH2 HO H Ph Ph Ph N- H B Ph NH2 D Earrow_forward4. Only ONE of the five compounds below can be prepared by an aldol condensation in which a single carbonyl compound is treated with base. Which one is it? To solve this problem, reverse the aldol condensation that formed each of these molecules to find out what two molecules came together to make the products. The one in which the two molecules are identical is the answer. Ph Ph ཚིག གནས ག ནཱ ཀ ན ཀནཱ A Ph H B Ph Ph H D Ph. Ph Ph E Harrow_forward5. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction sequence? First, equimolar amounts of cyclopentanone and LDA are mixed at -78°C. Then propionaldehyde (propanal) is added. Addition of aqueous acid completes the process. LDA, -78°C. 1. 2. H₂O* H A B H 0 D H H Earrow_forward
- 2. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction? NaOH, H₂O heat A B C D Earrow_forwardCH3CH2CHO + propanal PhCH2CHO 2-phenylacetaldehyde mixture of four products NaOH 10. In the crossed aldol reaction of propanal and 2-phenylacetaldehyde shown above, a mixture of four products will be formed. Which ONE of the compounds below will NOT be formed in this crossed aldol reaction? OH Ph A H OH OH Ph H B OH OH H H H Ph Ph C Ph D Earrow_forwardAn organic chemist ordered the wrong item. She wanted to obtain 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, butinstead ordered 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde. As a good biochemist, show how the organic chemistcould use biological catalysis to make her desired compound.arrow_forward
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