Traffic And Highway Engineering
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133605157
Author: Garber, Nicholas J., Hoel, Lester A.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 13, Problem 17P
To determine
The most cost-effective alternative based on equivalent annual cost by showing cash flow diagram.
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- III. A state highway department is planning the construction of a 50 mile, four-lane toll road. It estimates that the construction cost (t = 0) will be $200M and annual maintenance costs will be $IM per year. In addition, every 20 years, a major resurfacing will have to be carried out at a cost of $25M. It is estimated that 6 million cars and 400,000 trucks will use the road cach year, and it is decided that the toll charged to a truck will be 4 times that of a car. The interest rate is 7%. I Determine what the toll should be for each car and truck to cover all expenses for a planning period of 40 years. Assume the toll being charged and the estimated traffic flows do not vary year-to-year.arrow_forwardThe Department of Traffic is considering three improvement plans for a heavily traveled intersection within the city. The intersection improvement is expected to achieve three goals: improve travel speeds, increase safety, and reduce operating expenses for motorists. The annual dollar value of savings compared with existing conditions for each criterion as well as additional construction and maintenancecosts is shown in the table below. If the economic life of the road is considered to be 60 years and the discount rate is 3.5%, which alternative should be selected? Solve the problem using the four methods for economic analysis.arrow_forwardThree designs have been proposed to improve traffic flow at a major intersection in a heavily traveled suburban area. The first alternative involves improved traffic signaling. The second alternative includes traffic-signal improvements and intersection widening for exclusive left turns. The third alternative includes extensive reconstruction, including a grade separation structure. The construction costs, as well as annual maintenance and user costs, are listed in the following table for each alternative. Determine which alternative is preferred based on economic criteria if the analysis period is 20 years and the annual interest rate is 15%. Show that the result is the same using the present worth, equivalent annual cost, benefit–cost ratio, and rate-of-return methods.arrow_forward
- Three designs have been proposed to improve traffic flow at a major intersection in a heavily traveled suburban area. The first alternative involves improved traffic signaling. The second alternative includes traffic-signal improvements and intersection widening for exclusive left turns. The third alternative includes extensive reconstruction, including a grade separation structure. The construction costs, as well as annual maintenance and user costs, are listed in the following table for each alternative. Determine which alternative is preferred based on economic criteria if the analysis period is 20 years and the annual interest rate is 15%. Show that the result is the same using the present worth, equivalent annual cost, benefit–cost ratio, and rate-of-return methods. Alternatives Capital Cost ($) Annual Maintence ($) Annual User Cost ($) Salvage Value ($) Present Condition 0 15,000 600,000 0 Traffic Signal 340,000 10,000 450,000 25,000 Intersection Widening 850,000 5,000…arrow_forwardThe Department of Traffic is considering three improvement plans for a heavily traveled road within the city. The road improvement is expected to achieve three goals: improve travel speeds, increase safety, and reduce operating expenses for motorists. The annual dollar value of savings compared with existing conditions for each criterion and additional construction and maintenance costs is shown in Table 1. If the economic life of the road is considered to be 53 years and the discount rate is 4%, which alternative should be selected? Evaluate the two proposals based on economic evaluation criteria using the Net Present Worth (NPW) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) methods for economic analysis.arrow_forwardThe initial investment for constructing a median and guardrails for a prestressed concrete bridge is $1000000. Maintaining these facilities is expected to cost $2000 annually for the first five years of service and $10000 for the next five years of service. It is expected that these facilities will be rehabilitated at the end of the tenth year at a cost of $60000, after which the maintenance costs are expected to decrease to $6000 per year. What is equivalent uniform annual cost over a 15 -year period of service if the interest rate is 6% per year?arrow_forward
- Payback Period Method and Benefit-Cost Ratio Methodarrow_forwardDevelop a detailed analytical framework using life-cycle cost analysis of a freeway system operation improvement project, such as a project for varying freeway speed limits in the range of 45- 70 mph for different locations and time periods of a typical working day.arrow_forwardB2arrow_forward
- A city engineer has estimated the annual toll revenues from a proposed highway construction project over 20 years as follows: An = ($2,000,000)(n)(l.06)n-1 n = 1.2 .... ,20.To determine the amount of debt financing through bonds, the engineer was asked to present the estimated total present value of toll revenue at an interest rate of 6%. Assuming annual compounding, find the present value of the estimated toll revenue.arrow_forwardNeed asaaparrow_forward13.9. From past records of highway construction and maintenance costs, a state highway de- partment determines the following cost relationships for two-lane bituminous high- ways within the state: c(x) = 0.1.x20 Cm(x) = 3.0-¹ X where the equations hold for (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 10.0) and where x= pavement thickness (inches); c(x)= annualized construction cost (millions of dollars per mile per year); and C(x)= annual maintenance cost (millions of dollars per mile per year). (a) In words, describe the basic tradeoff decision that the highway department must make. (b) Determine the optimal pavement thickness, justifying the type of point found. (c) If pavement thickness can be specified only in whole inches, what is the best pave- ment thickness, considering normal variance in pavement thickness caused by field construction conditions? How sensitive is the optimal cost to small changes in thickness?arrow_forward
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