Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321908599
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 13RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The reciprocal inhibition inhibits the muscles of one side of joint which relaxes with the help of extensor muscles and contracts with the help of flexor muscles.
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Which of the following is true regarding the difference between graded and action potentials?
a.) Action potential occur only when the surface of the neuron is myelinated, but graded potentials occur in both in both myelinated and non-myelinated neurons.
b.) The magnitude of action potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas graded potentials are all or none.
c.) The magnitude of graded potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas action potentials are all or none.
A simple nervous system
A) must include chemical senses and vision.
B) includes sensory information but no effectors.
C) has information flow in only one direction: toward an integrating center.
D) has information flow in only one direction: away from an integrating center.
E) includes sensory information, an integrating center, and effectors.
Regulation by the nervous system provides, (a) relatively slow but long-lasting responses to stimuli. (b) swift, long-lasting responses to stimuli. (c) swift but brief responses to stimuli. (d) relatively slow, short-lived responses to stimuli.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
Ch. 13 - Name the structures of the central nervous system...Ch. 13 - Define spinal reflex.Ch. 13 - Identify the three spinal meninges.Ch. 13 - Prob. 4CPCh. 13 - Prob. 5CPCh. 13 - Differentiate between sensory nuclei and motor...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CPCh. 13 - Prob. 8CPCh. 13 - Prob. 9CPCh. 13 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 13 - Injury to which of the nerve plexuses would...Ch. 13 - Compression of which nerve produces the sensation...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13CPCh. 13 - Prob. 14CPCh. 13 - Prob. 15CPCh. 13 - Prob. 16CPCh. 13 - Prob. 17CPCh. 13 - Prob. 18CPCh. 13 - Prob. 19CPCh. 13 - Prob. 20CPCh. 13 - Prob. 21CPCh. 13 - Prob. 22CPCh. 13 - Prob. 23CPCh. 13 - LEVEL 1 Reviewing Facts and Terms 1. Label the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2RQCh. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Prob. 8RQCh. 13 - Prob. 9RQCh. 13 - Prob. 10RQCh. 13 - The reflexes that control the most rapid,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 12RQCh. 13 - Prob. 13RQCh. 13 - Prob. 14RQCh. 13 - Proceeding deep from the most superficial...Ch. 13 - Prob. 16RQCh. 13 - Prob. 17RQCh. 13 - Polysynaptic reflexes can produce far more...Ch. 13 - Prob. 19RQCh. 13 - Prob. 20RQCh. 13 - Prob. 21RQCh. 13 - Prob. 22RQCh. 13 - Prob. 23RQCh. 13 - Prob. 24RQCh. 13 - Prob. 25RQCh. 13 - Prob. 26RQCh. 13 - Prob. 27RQCh. 13 - Prob. 28RQCh. 13 - The improper use of crutches can produce a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 30RQCh. 13 - Karen falls down a flight of stairs and suffers...Ch. 13 - Will Joe regain motor or sensory activity in his...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CC
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- Please answer 3) Which of the following keeps the impulse traveling in one direction down the axon? a) inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels b) the nodes of Ranvier c) the magnitude of the action potential (+30 mV) d) the myelin sheatharrow_forwardDuring the refractory period a) if a neuron reaches threshold the action potential goes to completion b) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential c) It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with an unusually strong stimulus d) The signal grows weaker with distance e) The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to thresholdarrow_forwardWhich of the following pathways handles motor signals? A) spinothalamic B) pyramidal C) posterior column D) spinocerebellararrow_forward
- 9) the period after an initial stimulus when a neuron can not be sensitive to another stimulus is the ....? a) resting period b) relative refractory period c) depolarization d) absolute refractory periodarrow_forwardc) What is the main mechanism contributing to the absolute refractory period in neurons: a) potassium ions can only flow outside the neurons. b) autoreceptors are inhibiting the opening of ionotropic sodium channels, c) the voltage-dependent sodium channels cannot be opened. d) the voltage-dependent potassium channels cannot be opened. e) there are too many sodium ions inside the cell to permit another action potential. f) undershoot hyperpolarizationarrow_forward1..All of the following statements about initiation and transmission of action potentials in neurons are correct EXCEPT: a)The rate of transmission of an action potential is directly related to the diameter of the axon. b)Information about the intensity of a stimulus is conveyed by changes in the size of the action potential generated. c)The resting potential is maintained by differential ion permeabilities and the sodium-potassium pump. d)Once initiated, local depolarizations stimulate a moving wave of depolarization down the axon. e)A stimulus to the neuron can either depolarize or hyperpolarize the neuronal membran 2.. Neurotransmitters that affect a neuron's response to other neurotransmitters are called _______. 3.. The key substances that create an action potential are protein channels that move —- out of a cell and —-into a cell. 4.. A cell with a membrane potential of -80 milivolts is? 5.. A gland secreting its product is an example of the —- 6.. If the charge inside…arrow_forward
- An object suddenly and quickly comes toward your face. You automatically and without thinking close your eyes. This is a reflex. Which of the following is the effector in this reflex? A) The sympathetic nervous system B) The brain C) Cardiac muscles D) Some skeletal musclesarrow_forwardIn describing a positive feedback loop, which of the following would be true? a) the sensor and control center are always the same b) the effector signals the control center to shut off the initial stimulus c) the effect shuts off the initial stimulus d) the effect amplifies the initial stimuarrow_forward1. If you block calcium channels on an axon, which will not occur? A) exocytosis of neurotransmitter B) repolarization phase of the action potential C) depolarization phase of the action potential D) hyperpolarization phase of the action potential E) graded potentialarrow_forward
- Saltatory conduction is a term applied to the "jumping" movement of action potentials Multiple Choice a) along the postsynaptic membrane from dendrite to axon hillock. b) along myelinated axons. c) from one neuron to another. d) in two directions at the same time. e) across electrical synapses.arrow_forwardNeural pathway transmit impulses which terminate at what? a) motor cortex, b) somatosensory cortex, c) mechanoreceptors, d) thalamus, e) brainstem, f) skeletal muscle, g) cerebellum?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? (A) Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors (B) Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors (C) Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons (D) Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons (E) Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, effer- ent neurons, interneuronsarrow_forward
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