Chapter 13, Problem 13.73QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What is the advantage of ${\text{NaCl and CaCl}}_{\text{2}}$ over sucrose or urea in lowering the freezing point of water has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Freezing point is the temperature at which liquid turns into solid.

Freezing point depression ${\text{(ΔT}}_{\text{f}}\text{)}$ is distinction between freezing point of the pure solvent ${\text{(T}}_{\text{f}}^{\text{°}}\text{)}$ and the freezing point of the solution ${\text{(T}}_{\text{f}}\text{)}$.

${\text{ΔT}}_{\text{f}}{\text{= K}}_{\text{f}}\text{m}$

Where,

${\text{ΔT}}_{\text{f}}-$ Change in freezing point

${\text{K}}_{\text{f}}-$ Molal freezing point constant

m- Molality of the solution