The relationship between the carbon chain length and water solubility of aldehydes or ketones has to be explained.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the carbon chain length and water solubility of aldehydes or ketones has to be explained.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The smaller aldehydes and ketones are freely water-soluble but the solubility falls with the chain length. For example, methanal, ethanal and propanone are miscible with water. The reason for the solubility is that the aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bond with themselves but they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

As the carbon chain length increases, the hydrocarbon tails of the molecules start to get in the way. They break the relative strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules without replacing them instead, they force themselves between the molecules of water. This makes the process energetically less profitable, and so solubility decreases.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the carbon chain length and water solubility of aldehydes or ketones has to be explained.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The smaller aldehydes and ketones are freely water-soluble but the solubility falls with the chain length. For example, methanal, ethanal and propanone are miscible with water. The reason for the solubility is that the aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bond with themselves but they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

As the carbon chain length increases, the hydrocarbon tails of the molecules start to get in the way. They break the relative strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules without replacing them instead, they force themselves between the molecules of water. This makes the process energetically less profitable, and so solubility decreases.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the carbon chain length and water solubility of aldehydes or ketones has to be explained.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The smaller aldehydes and ketones are freely water-soluble but the solubility falls with the chain length. For example, methanal, ethanal and propanone are miscible with water. The reason for the solubility is that the aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bond with themselves but they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

As the carbon chain length increases, the hydrocarbon tails of the molecules start to get in the way. They break the relative strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules without replacing them instead, they force themselves between the molecules of water. This makes the process energetically less profitable, and so solubility decreases.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the carbon chain length and water solubility of aldehydes or ketones has to be explained.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The smaller aldehydes and ketones are freely water-soluble but the solubility falls with the chain length. For example, methanal, ethanal and propanone are miscible with water. The reason for the solubility is that the aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bond with themselves but they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

As the carbon chain length increases, the hydrocarbon tails of the molecules start to get in the way. They break the relative strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules without replacing them instead, they force themselves between the molecules of water. This makes the process energetically less profitable, and so solubility decreases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the carbon chain length and water solubility of aldehydes or ketones has to be explained.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The smaller aldehydes and ketones are freely water-soluble but the solubility falls with the chain length. For example, methanal, ethanal and propanone are miscible with water. The reason for the solubility is that the aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bond with themselves but they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

As the carbon chain length increases, the hydrocarbon tails of the molecules start to get in the way. They break the relative strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules without replacing them instead, they force themselves between the molecules of water. This makes the process energetically less profitable, and so solubility decreases.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the carbon chain length and water solubility of aldehydes or ketones has to be explained.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The smaller aldehydes and ketones are freely water-soluble but the solubility falls with the chain length. For example, methanal, ethanal and propanone are miscible with water. The reason for the solubility is that the aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bond with themselves but they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

As the carbon chain length increases, the hydrocarbon tails of the molecules start to get in the way. They break the relative strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules without replacing them instead, they force themselves between the molecules of water. This makes the process energetically less profitable, and so solubility decreases.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the carbon chain length and water solubility of aldehydes or ketones has to be explained.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The smaller aldehydes and ketones are freely water-soluble but the solubility falls with the chain length. For example, methanal, ethanal and propanone are miscible with water. The reason for the solubility is that the aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bond with themselves but they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

As the carbon chain length increases, the hydrocarbon tails of the molecules start to get in the way. They break the relative strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules without replacing them instead, they force themselves between the molecules of water. This makes the process energetically less profitable, and so solubility decreases.