Whether benzene and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined. Concept introduction: Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components. For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B the attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B . But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.155P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether benzene and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B the attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and ethyl acetate show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B the attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether hexane and heptane show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and hydrochloric acid show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.155P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether benzene and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B the attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and ethyl acetate show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B the attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether hexane and heptane show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and hydrochloric acid show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.155P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether benzene and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B the attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and ethyl acetate show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B the attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether hexane and heptane show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and hydrochloric acid show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.155P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether benzene and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B the attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and ethyl acetate show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B the attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether hexane and heptane show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and hydrochloric acid show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.155P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether benzene and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B the attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and ethyl acetate show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B the attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether hexane and heptane show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and hydrochloric acid show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.155P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether benzene and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B the attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.155P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether benzene and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B the attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and ethyl acetate show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B the attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and ethyl acetate show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B the attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether hexane and heptane show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether hexane and heptane show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and methanol show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and hydrochloric acid show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether water and hydrochloric acid show nearly ideal, positive or negative deviation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Azeotropes are the mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapor has the same composition as that of the liquid mixture. The boiling points of such mixtures may be higher or lower than any of its components.

For components A and B, there will be a positive deviation if A-B attraction is less than that of A-A and B-B and negative deviation results when A-B attraction is more than that of A-A and B-B. But if A-B attraction is almost equal to A-A attraction and B-B attraction, mixture obeys Raoult’s law.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

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