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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The molar mass of the solute is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The boiling point of the substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure and the liquid changes into a vapor. Liquids can change into vapors at temperatures below the boiling point through evaporation. It is the process that occurs on the liquid surface due to which it changes into vapors. It is a colligative property because it depends on the number of moles of solute particles that are present in the substance.
The formula to calculate the change in boiling point is as follows:
Here,
(a)
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Answer to Problem 13.135P
Explanation of Solution
The formula to calculate the change in boiling point is as follows:
Substitute
The solute is a nonvolatile non-electrolyte so its van’t Hoff factor is 1.
Rearrange equation (1) to calculate the molarity of the solution as follows:
Substitute 1 for
The density of the solution is calculated as follows:
Rearrange equation (4) to calculate the mass of the solution as follows:
Substitute
The formula to calculate the molality of the solution is as follows:
Rearrange equation (6) to calculate the moles of solute as follows:
Substitute
The formula to calculate the number of moles is as follows:
Rearrange equation (8) to calculate the molar mass as follows:
Substitute
Boiling point elevation is a colligative property as it depends on the number of moles of solute.
(b)
Interpretation:
The molar mass of the solute is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The boiling point of the substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure and the liquid changes into a vapor. Liquids can change into vapors at temperatures below the boiling point through evaporation. It is the process that occurs on the liquid surface due to which it changes into vapors. It is a colligative property because it depends on the number of moles of solute particles that are present in the substance.
The formula to calculate the change in boiling point is as follows:
Here,
(b)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 13.135P
Explanation of Solution
The solute is ionic with general formula
Substitute 3 for
Substitute
Substitute
Boiling point elevation depends on the moles of solute and therefore it is a colligative property.
(c)
Interpretation:
The difference between the actual formula mass and that calculated from the boiling point elevation is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The boiling point of the substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure and the liquid changes into a vapor. Liquids can change into vapors at temperatures below the boiling point through evaporation. It is the process that occurs on the liquid surface due to which it changes into vapors. It is a colligative property because it depends on the number of moles of solute particles that are present in the substance.
(c)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 13.135P
The actual molar mass of
Explanation of Solution
The molar mass of
Boiling point elevation is a colligative property as it depends on the number of moles of solute.
(d)
Interpretation:
The van’t Hoff factor for the solution is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The formula to relate the elevation in boiling point and van’t Hoff factor is as follows:
Here,
(d)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 13.135P
2.4 is the van’t Hoff factor.
Explanation of Solution
Substitute
Substitute
Rearrange equation (1) to calculate the van’t Hoff factor is as follows:
Substitute
The van’t Hoff factor for the solution is 2.4.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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