Chapter 13, Problem 13.135P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molar mass of the solute is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point of the substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure and the liquid changes into a vapor. Liquids can change into vapors at temperatures below the boiling point through evaporation. It is the process that occurs on the liquid surface due to which it changes into vapors. It is a colligative property because it depends on the number of moles of solute particles that are present in the substance.

The formula to calculate the change in boiling point is as follows:

  $\Delta T_{\text{b}}=i{k}_{\text{b}}m$        (1)

Here,

$\Delta T_{\text{b}}$ is the change in boiling point.

$i$ is van’t Hoff factor.

$k_{\text{b}}$ is the boiling point elevation constant.

$m$ is the molality of the solution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molar mass of the solute is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point of the substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure and the liquid changes into a vapor. Liquids can change into vapors at temperatures below the boiling point through evaporation. It is the process that occurs on the liquid surface due to which it changes into vapors. It is a colligative property because it depends on the number of moles of solute particles that are present in the substance.

The formula to calculate the change in boiling point is as follows:

  $\Delta T_{\text{b}}=i{k}_{\text{b}}m$        (1)

Here,

$\Delta T_{\text{b}}$ is the change in boiling point.

$i$ is van’t Hoff factor.

$k_{\text{b}}$ is the boiling point elevation constant.

$m$ is the molality of the solution.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The difference between the actual formula mass and that calculated from the boiling point elevation is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point of the substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure and the liquid changes into a vapor. Liquids can change into vapors at temperatures below the boiling point through evaporation. It is the process that occurs on the liquid surface due to which it changes into vapors. It is a colligative property because it depends on the number of moles of solute particles that are present in the substance.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The van’t Hoff factor for the solution is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The formula to relate the elevation in boiling point and van’t Hoff factor is as follows:

  $\Delta T_{\text{b}}=i{k}_{\text{b}}m$        (1)

Here,

$\Delta T_{\text{b}}$ is the change in boiling point.

$i$ is van’t Hoff factor.

$k_{\text{b}}$ is the boiling point elevation constant.

$m$ is the molality of the solution.