Chapter 13, Problem 13.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aqueous solution of $\text{NaCl}$ is to be formed.

Concept introduction:

The solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. It can exist in any of the phases. Saltwater, rubbing alcohol, bleach, and air are some examples of solutions. It has two components: solute and solvent. The solute is the substance that is present in smaller quantity and gets itself dissolved in the other substance. The solvent is the substance that is present in a larger amount and it dissolves solute in itself.

The characteristics of the solution are as follows:

1. It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

2. The particles of solute can never be seen by the naked eye.

3. It does not allow the light beam to scatter.

4. It is stable.

5. The components of the solution cannot be separated by filtration.

6. It is composed of one phase only.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aqueous solution of urea is to be formed.

Concept introduction:

The solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. It can exist in any of the phases. Saltwater, rubbing alcohol, bleach, and air are some examples of solutions. It has two components: solute and solvent. The solute is the substance that is present in smaller quantity and gets itself dissolved in the other substance. The solvent is the substance that is present in a larger amount and it dissolves solute in itself.

The characteristics of the solution are as follows:

1. It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

2. The particles of solute can never be seen by the naked eye.

3. It does not allow the light beam to scatter.

4. It is stable.

5. The components of the solution cannot be separated by filtration.

6. It is composed of one phase only.

The formula to relate the molarity of a diluted and concentrated solution is as follows:

$M_{\text{conc}}{V}_{\text{conc}}=M_{\text{dil}}{V}_{\text{dil}}$ (4)

Here, $M_{\text{conc}}$ is the molarity of the concentrated solution.

$V_{\text{conc}}$ is the volume of the concentrated solution.

$M_{\text{dil}}$ is the molarity of a dilute solution.

$V_{{}_{\text{dil}}}$ is the volume of dilute solution.