
EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220100552236
Author: ZUMDAHL
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 13, Problem 128E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: The
The
The sum,
The equilibrium constant for water is denoted by
The value of
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Please help me with # 4 and 5. Thanks in advance!
A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk
before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic
acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and
develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing
mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M.
Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether
it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To
achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth,
the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0.
Assumptions:
Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid
H
H
:0:0:
H-C-C
H
:0:
O-H
Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid
For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid
You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water.
Temperature is 25°C
1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to
include state symbols.…
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product
structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.
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H.
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Select to Edit Arrows
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Select to Edit Arrows
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H
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Rotation
Select to Edit Arrows
H.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
Ch. 13 - Define each of the following: a. Arrhenius acid b....Ch. 13 - Define or illustrate the meaning of the following...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - How is acid strength related to the value of Ka?...Ch. 13 - Two strategies are followed when solving for the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb...Ch. 13 - What is a salt? List some anions that behave as...Ch. 13 - For oxyacids, how does acid strength depend on a....
Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ALQCh. 13 - Differentiate between the terms strength and...Ch. 13 - Sketch two graphs: (a) percent dissociation for...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 7ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 8ALQCh. 13 - Consider a solution formed by mixing 100.0 mL of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 11ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 12ALQCh. 13 - What is meant by pH? True or false: A strong acid...Ch. 13 - Prob. 14ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 16ALQCh. 13 - Prob. 17ALQCh. 13 - The salt BX, when dissolved in water, produces an...Ch. 13 - Anions containing hydrogen (for example, HCO3 and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 20QCh. 13 - Prob. 21QCh. 13 - Prob. 22QCh. 13 - Prob. 23QCh. 13 - Prob. 24QCh. 13 - Prob. 25QCh. 13 - The following are representations of acidbase...Ch. 13 - Prob. 27QCh. 13 - Prob. 28QCh. 13 - Prob. 29QCh. 13 - Prob. 30QCh. 13 - Prob. 31QCh. 13 - Prob. 32QCh. 13 - Prob. 33QCh. 13 - Prob. 34QCh. 13 - Write balanced equations that describe the...Ch. 13 - Write the dissociation reaction and the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 37ECh. 13 - For each of the following aqueous reactions,...Ch. 13 - Classify each of the following as a strong acid or...Ch. 13 - Consider the following illustrations: Which beaker...Ch. 13 - Use Table 13-2 to order the following from the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 42ECh. 13 - Prob. 43ECh. 13 - Prob. 44ECh. 13 - Prob. 45ECh. 13 - Prob. 46ECh. 13 - Values of Kw as a function of temperature are as...Ch. 13 - At 40.C the value of Kw is 2.92 1014. a....Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH and pOH of the solutions in...Ch. 13 - Calculate [H+] and [OH] for each solution at 25C....Ch. 13 - Prob. 51ECh. 13 - Fill in the missing information in the following...Ch. 13 - The pH of a sample of gastric juice in a persons...Ch. 13 - The pOH of a sample of baking soda dissolved in...Ch. 13 - What are the major species present in 0.250 M...Ch. 13 - A solution is prepared by adding 50.0 mL of 0.050...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 13 - Calculate the concentration of an aqueous HI...Ch. 13 - Prob. 60ECh. 13 - Prob. 61ECh. 13 - A solution is prepared by adding 50.0 mL...Ch. 13 - Prob. 63ECh. 13 - Prob. 64ECh. 13 - Calculate the concentration of all species present...Ch. 13 - Calculate the percent dissociation for a 0.22-M...Ch. 13 - For propanoic acid (HC3H5O2, Ka = 1.3 105),...Ch. 13 - A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.56 g...Ch. 13 - Monochloroacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a skin...Ch. 13 - A typical aspirin tablet contains 325 mg...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 1.0 M...Ch. 13 - Prob. 72ECh. 13 - Calculate the percent dissociation of the acid in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 74ECh. 13 - A 0.15-M solution of a weak acid is 3.0%...Ch. 13 - An acid HX is 25% dissociated in water. If the...Ch. 13 - Trichloroacetic acid (CCl3CO2H) is a corrosive...Ch. 13 - The pH of a 0.063-M solution of hypobromous acid...Ch. 13 - A solution of formic acid (HCOOH, Ka = 1.8 104)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 80ECh. 13 - Prob. 81ECh. 13 - You have 100.0 g saccharin, a sugar substitute,...Ch. 13 - Write the reaction and the corresponding Kb...Ch. 13 - Write the reaction and the corresponding Kb...Ch. 13 - Prob. 85ECh. 13 - Use Table 13-3 to help order the following acids...Ch. 13 - Use Table 13-3 to help answer the following...Ch. 13 - Prob. 88ECh. 13 - Calculate the pH of the following solutions. a....Ch. 13 - Calculate [OH], pOH, and pH for each of the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 91ECh. 13 - Prob. 92ECh. 13 - What mass of KOH is necessary to prepare 800.0 mL...Ch. 13 - Calculate the concentration of an aqueous Sr(OH)2...Ch. 13 - Prob. 95ECh. 13 - For the reaction of hydrazine (N2H4) in water,...Ch. 13 - Calculate [OH], [H+], and the pH of 0.20 M...Ch. 13 - Calculate [OH], [H+], and the pH of 0.40 M...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 0.20-M C2H5NH2 solution (Kb...Ch. 13 - Prob. 100ECh. 13 - What is the percent ionization in each of the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 102ECh. 13 - The pH of a 0.016-M aqueous solution of...Ch. 13 - Calculate the mass of HONH2 required to dissolve...Ch. 13 - Prob. 105ECh. 13 - Prob. 106ECh. 13 - Prob. 107ECh. 13 - Arsenic acid (H3AsO4) is a triprotic acid with Ka1...Ch. 13 - Prob. 109ECh. 13 - Calculate [CO32] in a 0.010-M solution of CO2 in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 111ECh. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 5.0 103-M solution of...Ch. 13 - Arrange the following 0.10 M solutions in order of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 114ECh. 13 - Prob. 115ECh. 13 - The Kb values for ammonia and methylamine are 1.8 ...Ch. 13 - Determine [OH], [H+], and the pH of each of the...Ch. 13 - Calculate the concentrations of all species...Ch. 13 - Prob. 119ECh. 13 - Prob. 120ECh. 13 - Prob. 121ECh. 13 - Papaverine hydrochloride (abbreviated papH+Cl;...Ch. 13 - An unknown salt is either NaCN, NaC2H3O2, NaF,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 124ECh. 13 - A 0.050-M solution of the salt NaB has a pH of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 126ECh. 13 - Prob. 127ECh. 13 - Prob. 128ECh. 13 - Are solutions of the following salts acidic,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 130ECh. 13 - Prob. 131ECh. 13 - Prob. 132ECh. 13 - Place the species in each of the following groups...Ch. 13 - Prob. 134ECh. 13 - Will the following oxides give acidic, basic, or...Ch. 13 - Prob. 136ECh. 13 - Prob. 137ECh. 13 - Prob. 138ECh. 13 - Prob. 139ECh. 13 - Zinc hydroxide is an amphoteric substance. Write...Ch. 13 - Prob. 141ECh. 13 - Prob. 142ECh. 13 - Prob. 143AECh. 13 - Prob. 144AECh. 13 - A solution is tested for pH and conductivity as...Ch. 13 - The pH of human blood is steady at a value of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 147AECh. 13 - Prob. 148AECh. 13 - Prob. 149AECh. 13 - Prob. 150AECh. 13 - Acrylic acid (CH29CHCO2H) is a precursor for many...Ch. 13 - Prob. 152AECh. 13 - Prob. 153AECh. 13 - Prob. 154AECh. 13 - Prob. 155AECh. 13 - Prob. 156AECh. 13 - Prob. 157AECh. 13 - Prob. 158AECh. 13 - Prob. 159AECh. 13 - Prob. 160AECh. 13 - Prob. 161AECh. 13 - For solutions of the same concentration, as acid...Ch. 13 - Prob. 163CWPCh. 13 - Consider a 0.60-M solution of HC3H5O3, lactic acid...Ch. 13 - Prob. 165CWPCh. 13 - Prob. 166CWPCh. 13 - Consider 0.25 M solutions of the following salts:...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of the following solutions: a....Ch. 13 - Prob. 169CWPCh. 13 - Prob. 170CPCh. 13 - Prob. 171CPCh. 13 - Prob. 172CPCh. 13 - Prob. 173CPCh. 13 - Prob. 174CPCh. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 0.200-M solution of C5H5NHF....Ch. 13 - Determine the pH of a 0.50-M solution of NH4OCl....Ch. 13 - Prob. 177CPCh. 13 - Prob. 178CPCh. 13 - Consider 1000. mL of a 1.00 104-M solution of a...Ch. 13 - Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that must...Ch. 13 - Prob. 181CPCh. 13 - Prob. 182CPCh. 13 - Will 0.10 M solutions of the following salts be...Ch. 13 - Prob. 184CPCh. 13 - A 0.100-g sample of the weak acid HA (molar mass =...Ch. 13 - Prob. 186CPCh. 13 - A 2.14 g sample of sodium hypoiodite is dissolved...Ch. 13 - Isocyanic acid (HNCO) can be prepared by heating...Ch. 13 - Prob. 189IPCh. 13 - An aqueous solution contains a mixture of 0.0500 M...Ch. 13 - Prob. 191MP
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