To label: The different types of muscle fibers given in Figure 13.1. Introduction: Muscles are composed of a group of muscle fibers. Fibers of skeletal muscles are classified into three types based on the speed of contraction and the mode of ATP production. They are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG).

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Summary Introduction

To label: The different types of muscle fibers given in Figure 13.1.

Introduction: Muscles are composed of a group of muscle fibers. Fibers of skeletal muscles are classified into three types based on the speed of contraction and the mode of ATP production. They are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG).

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e Loose-Leaf Print Companion, Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Fig1: The different types of muscle fibers: slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, and fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

Explanation of Solution

The SO fibers contract gradually as well as use aerobic metabolism for the production of ATPs. Thus, the fatigue rate is low. Fast fibers contract at a faster rate and use aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms for the production of ATPs. Thus, they rapidly fatigue.

1. Slow oxidative fibers: The diameter of these fibers is small than other types of fibers. High content of myoglobin is present. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. These fibers appear red in color.

2. Fast glycolytic fibers: These fibers are large in size and so they possess the largest diameter. These fibers contain relatively low levels of myoglobin. These fibers possess less number of mitochondria and blood capillaries. They appear in pale white color.

3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber: The diameter of these fibers is greater than slow fibers and lesser than the fast glycolytic fibers. These fibers contain a large amount of myoglobin content. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. They appear in pink or red color.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Summary Introduction

To label: The different types of muscle fibers given in Figure 13.1.

Introduction: Muscles are composed of a group of muscle fibers. Fibers of skeletal muscles are classified into three types based on the speed of contraction and the mode of ATP production. They are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG).

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e Loose-Leaf Print Companion, Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Fig1: The different types of muscle fibers: slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, and fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

Explanation of Solution

The SO fibers contract gradually as well as use aerobic metabolism for the production of ATPs. Thus, the fatigue rate is low. Fast fibers contract at a faster rate and use aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms for the production of ATPs. Thus, they rapidly fatigue.

1. Slow oxidative fibers: The diameter of these fibers is small than other types of fibers. High content of myoglobin is present. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. These fibers appear red in color.

2. Fast glycolytic fibers: These fibers are large in size and so they possess the largest diameter. These fibers contain relatively low levels of myoglobin. These fibers possess less number of mitochondria and blood capillaries. They appear in pale white color.

3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber: The diameter of these fibers is greater than slow fibers and lesser than the fast glycolytic fibers. These fibers contain a large amount of myoglobin content. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. They appear in pink or red color.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Summary Introduction

To label: The different types of muscle fibers given in Figure 13.1.

Introduction: Muscles are composed of a group of muscle fibers. Fibers of skeletal muscles are classified into three types based on the speed of contraction and the mode of ATP production. They are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG).

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e Loose-Leaf Print Companion, Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Fig1: The different types of muscle fibers: slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, and fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

Explanation of Solution

The SO fibers contract gradually as well as use aerobic metabolism for the production of ATPs. Thus, the fatigue rate is low. Fast fibers contract at a faster rate and use aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms for the production of ATPs. Thus, they rapidly fatigue.

1. Slow oxidative fibers: The diameter of these fibers is small than other types of fibers. High content of myoglobin is present. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. These fibers appear red in color.

2. Fast glycolytic fibers: These fibers are large in size and so they possess the largest diameter. These fibers contain relatively low levels of myoglobin. These fibers possess less number of mitochondria and blood capillaries. They appear in pale white color.

3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber: The diameter of these fibers is greater than slow fibers and lesser than the fast glycolytic fibers. These fibers contain a large amount of myoglobin content. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. They appear in pink or red color.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Summary Introduction

To label: The different types of muscle fibers given in Figure 13.1.

Introduction: Muscles are composed of a group of muscle fibers. Fibers of skeletal muscles are classified into three types based on the speed of contraction and the mode of ATP production. They are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG).

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e Loose-Leaf Print Companion, Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Fig1: The different types of muscle fibers: slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, and fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

Explanation of Solution

The SO fibers contract gradually as well as use aerobic metabolism for the production of ATPs. Thus, the fatigue rate is low. Fast fibers contract at a faster rate and use aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms for the production of ATPs. Thus, they rapidly fatigue.

1. Slow oxidative fibers: The diameter of these fibers is small than other types of fibers. High content of myoglobin is present. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. These fibers appear red in color.

2. Fast glycolytic fibers: These fibers are large in size and so they possess the largest diameter. These fibers contain relatively low levels of myoglobin. These fibers possess less number of mitochondria and blood capillaries. They appear in pale white color.

3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber: The diameter of these fibers is greater than slow fibers and lesser than the fast glycolytic fibers. These fibers contain a large amount of myoglobin content. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. They appear in pink or red color.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Summary Introduction

To label: The different types of muscle fibers given in Figure 13.1.

Introduction: Muscles are composed of a group of muscle fibers. Fibers of skeletal muscles are classified into three types based on the speed of contraction and the mode of ATP production. They are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG).

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e Loose-Leaf Print Companion, Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Fig1: The different types of muscle fibers: slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, and fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

Explanation of Solution

The SO fibers contract gradually as well as use aerobic metabolism for the production of ATPs. Thus, the fatigue rate is low. Fast fibers contract at a faster rate and use aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms for the production of ATPs. Thus, they rapidly fatigue.

1. Slow oxidative fibers: The diameter of these fibers is small than other types of fibers. High content of myoglobin is present. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. These fibers appear red in color.

2. Fast glycolytic fibers: These fibers are large in size and so they possess the largest diameter. These fibers contain relatively low levels of myoglobin. These fibers possess less number of mitochondria and blood capillaries. They appear in pale white color.

3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber: The diameter of these fibers is greater than slow fibers and lesser than the fast glycolytic fibers. These fibers contain a large amount of myoglobin content. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. They appear in pink or red color.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Summary Introduction

To label: The different types of muscle fibers given in Figure 13.1.

Introduction: Muscles are composed of a group of muscle fibers. Fibers of skeletal muscles are classified into three types based on the speed of contraction and the mode of ATP production. They are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG).

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e Loose-Leaf Print Companion, Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Fig1: The different types of muscle fibers: slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, and fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

Explanation of Solution

The SO fibers contract gradually as well as use aerobic metabolism for the production of ATPs. Thus, the fatigue rate is low. Fast fibers contract at a faster rate and use aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms for the production of ATPs. Thus, they rapidly fatigue.

1. Slow oxidative fibers: The diameter of these fibers is small than other types of fibers. High content of myoglobin is present. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. These fibers appear red in color.

2. Fast glycolytic fibers: These fibers are large in size and so they possess the largest diameter. These fibers contain relatively low levels of myoglobin. These fibers possess less number of mitochondria and blood capillaries. They appear in pale white color.

3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber: The diameter of these fibers is greater than slow fibers and lesser than the fast glycolytic fibers. These fibers contain a large amount of myoglobin content. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. They appear in pink or red color.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Summary Introduction

To label: The different types of muscle fibers given in Figure 13.1.

Introduction: Muscles are composed of a group of muscle fibers. Fibers of skeletal muscles are classified into three types based on the speed of contraction and the mode of ATP production. They are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG).

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e Loose-Leaf Print Companion, Chapter 13, Problem 1.1BGL

Fig1: The different types of muscle fibers: slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, and fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

The SO fibers contract gradually as well as use aerobic metabolism for the production of ATPs. Thus, the fatigue rate is low. Fast fibers contract at a faster rate and use aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms for the production of ATPs. Thus, they rapidly fatigue.

1. Slow oxidative fibers: The diameter of these fibers is small than other types of fibers. High content of myoglobin is present. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. These fibers appear red in color.

2. Fast glycolytic fibers: These fibers are large in size and so they possess the largest diameter. These fibers contain relatively low levels of myoglobin. These fibers possess less number of mitochondria and blood capillaries. They appear in pale white color.

3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber: The diameter of these fibers is greater than slow fibers and lesser than the fast glycolytic fibers. These fibers contain a large amount of myoglobin content. Numerous mitochondria and blood capillaries are present in this group. They appear in pink or red color.

Answer 12

Ch. 13 - Prob. 1.1BGL Ch. 13 - Prob. 1RACF Ch. 13 - Prob. 2RACF Ch. 13 - Prob. 3RACF Ch. 13 - Prob. 1IMFC Ch. 13 - Prob. 2IMFC Ch. 13 - Prob. 3IMFC Ch. 13 - Prob. 4IMFC Ch. 13 - Prob. 5IMFC Ch. 13 - Prob. 6IMFC

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 13 Solutions