CHEMISTRY:ATOMS FIRST-2 YEAR CONNECT
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781260592320
Author: Burdge
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12.4, Problem 3PPA
Referring to Figure 12.23, determine how many of each ion are contained within a unit cell of CaF2.
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Describe the basic structures of unit cells?
1. Simple Cubic Unit Cell
a. Consider one unit cell and assume the length of the side of the cube is "a".
Remember that “a" is the distance between the centers of two adjacent atoms. How
long is “a", the edge of a unit cell, in terms of radius, r, of an atom?
b. A simple cubic cell has the equivalent of only 1 atom. Recall the volume of sphere
with radius, r, is expressed as V = 4/3 r. With this information, find the total
volume of all the spheres in this unit cell, expressed in terms of r. To do this, take
the total number of atoms and multiply it by the volume of one atom, with radius,
r)
c. Find the volume of the entire unit cell including the empty space in terms of r.
Remember for a cube the volume, V=1 xw xh. You already know the edge length
of the side in terms of "r" based in the earlier questions.
d. Find the fraction of the total volume of the cube (which is the unit cell's volume) is
occupied by the atoms. Express this as percent and write your answer in the
summary table.
Calcium sulfide adopts the sodium chloride crystal structure(Figure). How many S²⁻ ions are in the CaS unit cell?
Chapter 12 Solutions
CHEMISTRY:ATOMS FIRST-2 YEAR CONNECT
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.1WECh. 12.2 - Prob. 1PPACh. 12.2 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 12.2 - The diagram on the left depicts a system at room...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2.1SRCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2.2SRCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2.3SRCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2.4SRCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12.2WECh. 12.3 - When silver crystallizes, it forms face-centered...
Ch. 12.3 - The density of sodium metal is 0.971 g/cm3 and the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.3.1SRCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12.3.2SRCh. 12.4 - How many of each ion are contained within a unit...Ch. 12.4 - Referring to Figure 12.23, determine how many of...Ch. 12.4 - Referring to Figure 12.23, determine how many of...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3PPCCh. 12.4 - The edge length of the NaCl unit cell is 564 pm....Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 4PPACh. 12.4 - NiO also adopts the face-centered cubic...Ch. 12.4 - The metal iridium (Ir) crystallizes with a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 5PPACh. 12.4 - Copper crystallizes in a face-centered cubic...Ch. 12.4 - Given that the diameter and average mass of a...Ch. 12.5 - (a) Calculate the amount of heat deposited oil the...Ch. 12.5 - Calculate the amount of energy (in kilojoules)...Ch. 12.5 - Determine the final state and temperature of 100 g...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 6PPCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.5.1SRCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.5.2SRCh. 12.6 - Using the following phase diagram, (a) determine...Ch. 12.6 - Use the following phase diagram to (a) determine...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 7PPBCh. 12.6 - Prob. 7PPCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.6.1SRCh. 12 - Explain why liquids, unlike gases, are virtually...Ch. 12 - What is surface tension? What is the relationship...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.3QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.4QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.5QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.6QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.7QPCh. 12 - Why does the viscosity of a liquid decrease with...Ch. 12 - Why is ice less dense than water?Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.10QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.11QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.12QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.13QPCh. 12 - Predict which of the following liquids has greater...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.15QPCh. 12 - Vapor pressure measurements at several different...Ch. 12 - The vapor pressure of liquid X is lower than that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.18QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.19QPCh. 12 - Define the following terms: crystalline solid,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.21QPCh. 12 - Classify the solid states in terms of crystal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.23QPCh. 12 - Define X-ray diffraction. What are the typical...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.25QPCh. 12 - What is the coordination number of each sphere in...Ch. 12 - Calculate the number of spheres that would be...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.28QPCh. 12 - Barium metal crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.30QPCh. 12 - Europium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 12 - Crystalline silicon has a cubic structure. The...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.33QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.34QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.35QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.36QPCh. 12 - Shown here is a zinc oxide unit cell. What is the...Ch. 12 - Describe and give examples of the following types...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.39QPCh. 12 - A solid is hard, brittle, and electrically...Ch. 12 - A solid is soft and has a low melting point (below...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.42QPCh. 12 - Which of the following are molecular solids and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.44QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.45QPCh. 12 - What is a phase change? Name all possible changes...Ch. 12 - What is the equilibrium vapor pressure of a...Ch. 12 - Use any one of the phase changes to explain what...Ch. 12 - Define the following terms: (a) molar heat of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.50QPCh. 12 - What can we learn about the intermolecular forces...Ch. 12 - The greater the molar heat of vaporization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.53QPCh. 12 - A closed container of liquid pentane (bp = 36.1C)...Ch. 12 - What is critical temperature? What is the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.56QPCh. 12 - How do the boiling points and melting points of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.58QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.59QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.60QPCh. 12 - Which of the following phase transitions gives off...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.62QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.63QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.64QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.65QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.66QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.67QPCh. 12 - How is the rate of evaporation of a liquid...Ch. 12 - Explain why steam at 100C causes more serious bums...Ch. 12 - The following compounds, listed with then- boiling...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.71QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.72QPCh. 12 - Explain how waters phase diagram differs from...Ch. 12 - The blades of ice skates are quite thin, so the...Ch. 12 - A length of wire is placed on top of a block of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.76QPCh. 12 - A phase diagram of water is shown. Label the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.78QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.79QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.80QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.81QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.82QPCh. 12 - The average distance between base pairs measured...Ch. 12 - A CO2 fire extinguisher is located on the outside...Ch. 12 - What is the vapor pressure of mercury at its...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.86QPCh. 12 - The liquid-vapor boundary line in the phase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.88QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.89QPCh. 12 - A student is given four solid samples labeled W,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.91QPCh. 12 - The diagram shows a kettle of boiling water....Ch. 12 - The south pole of Mars is covered with solid...Ch. 12 - The properties of gases, liquids, and solids...Ch. 12 - The standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.96QPCh. 12 - Under the same conditions of temperature and...Ch. 12 - The distance between Li+ and Cl is 257 pm in solid...Ch. 12 - Heat of hydration, that is, the heat change that...Ch. 12 - The fluorides of the second period elements and...Ch. 12 - Calculate the H for the following processes at...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.102QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.103QPCh. 12 - Ozone (O3) is a strong oxidizing agent that can...Ch. 12 - A sample of limestone (CaCO3) is heated in a...Ch. 12 - Carbon and silicon belong to Group 4A of the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.107QPCh. 12 - A 1.20-g sample of water is injected into an...Ch. 12 - What are the advantages of cooking the vegetable...Ch. 12 - A quantitative measure of how efficiently spheres...Ch. 12 - The phase diagram of helium is shown. Helium is...Ch. 12 - The phase diagram of sulfur is shown. (a) How many...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.113QPCh. 12 - Argon crystallizes in the face-centered cubic...Ch. 12 - Given the phase diagram of carbon, answer the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.116QPCh. 12 - Swimming coaches sometimes suggest that a drop of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.118QPCh. 12 - Why do citrus growers spray their trees with water...Ch. 12 - Calcium metal crystallizes in a face-centered...Ch. 12 - A student heated a beaker of cold water (on a...Ch. 12 - The compound diclilorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) has...Ch. 12 - Iron crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 12 - Sketch the cooling curves of water from about 110C...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.125QPCh. 12 - A sampleof water shows the following behavior as...Ch. 12 - A closed vessel of volume 9.6 L contains 2.0 g of...Ch. 12 - The electrical conductance of copper metal...Ch. 12 - Assuming ideal behavior, calculate the density of...Ch. 12 - Explain why drivers are advised to use motor oil...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.131QPCh. 12 - Silicon used in computer chips must have an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.133QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.1KSPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.2KSPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.3KSPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.4KSP
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- Calculate the percent of volume that is actually occupied by spheres in a body-centered cubic lattice of identical spheres You can do this by first relating the radius of a sphere, r, to the length of an edge of a unit cell, l. (Note that the spheres do not touch along an edge but do touch along a diagonal passing through the body-centered sphere.) Then calculate the volume of a unit cell in terms of r. The volume occupied by spheres equals the number of spheres per unit cell times the volume of a sphere (4r3/3).arrow_forwardOutline a two-dimensional unit cell for the pattern shown here. If the black squares are labeled A and the white squares are B, what is the simplest formula for a compound based on this pattern?arrow_forwardDescribe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).arrow_forward
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