(a) Interpretation: The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined. Concept Introduction: IUPAC rules are: Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound. Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Question

A solution contains 0.097 M Ce3+, 1.55x10-3 M Ce4+, 1.55x10-3 M Mn2+, 0.097 M MnO4-, and 1.00 M HClO4 (F= 9.649 x 104 C/mol). a) Write a balanced net reaction that can occur between species in this solution. b) Calculate deltaG0 and K for the reaction. c) Calculate E and deltaG for the conditions given. Ce4+ + e- = Ce3+ E0= 1.70 V MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O E0= 1.507 V

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12.3, Problem 12.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

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A solution contains 0.097 M Ce3+, 1.55x10-3 M Ce4+, 1.55x10-3 M Mn2+, 0.097 M MnO4-, and 1.00 M HClO4 (F= 9.649 x 104 C/mol). a) Write a balanced net reaction that can occur between species in this solution. b) Calculate deltaG0 and K for the reaction. c) Calculate E and deltaG for the conditions given. Ce4+ + e- = Ce3+ E0= 1.70 V MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O E0= 1.507 V

1. Provide a step-by-step mechanism for formation of ALL STEREOISOMERS in the following reaction. Na HCO3 (Sodium bicarbonate, baking soda) is not soluble in CH2Cl2. The powder is a weak base used to neutralize strong acid (pKa < 0) produced by the reaction. Redraw the product to show the configuration(s) that form at C-2 and C-4. Br2 OH CH2Cl2 Na* HCO3 Br HO OH + Na Br +

2. Specify the solvent and reagent(s) required to carry out each of the following FGI. If two reagent sets must be used for the FGI, specify the solvent and reagent(s) for each reagent set. If a reaction cannot be carried out with reagents (sets) class, write NP (not possible) in the solvent box for reagent set #1. Use the letter abbreviation for each solvent; use a number abbreviation for reagent(s). Solvents: CH2Cl2 (A); H₂O (B); Reagents: HBr (1); R₂BH (6); H2SO4 (2); CH3OH (C); Br₂ (3); CH3CO₂H (D) NaHCO3 (4); Hg(OAc)2 (5); H₂O2/HO (7); NaBH4 (8) Reagent Set #1 Reagent Set #2 FGI + enant OH Solvent Reagent(s) Solvent Reagent(s)

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12.3, Problem 12.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12.3, Problem 12.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12.3, Problem 12.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12.3, Problem 12.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Answer 6

Chapter 12.3, Problem 12.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Answer 7

Chapter 12.3, Problem 12.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules are:

Firstly, identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and give the name of the chain which is considered as the base name of the compound.

Numbering of carbon atoms is done in such a way that the functional group and the substituent get the lowest number.

Answer 12

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Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.1P Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.2P Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-3 Write the IUPAC name for each...Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-4 Draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-5 How many stereoisomers are possible...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12.5 - Problem 12-7 Propose a two-step mechanism for the...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.8P Ch. 12.5 - Problem 12-9 Propose a three-step reaction...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the IUPAC name for unsaturated hydrocarbons should be determined.

Chapter 12 Solutions