(a) Interpretation: True or false. Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds. Concept Introduction: Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization . Below are the two types of polymers: Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Question

Vibrational contributions to internal energy and heat capacity1) are temperature independent2) are temperature dependent

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 12, Problem 12.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

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Vibrational contributions to internal energy and heat capacity1) are temperature independent2) are temperature dependent

The approximation of calculating the partition function by integration instead of the summation of all the energy terms can only be done if the separation of the energy levels is much smaller than the product kT. Explain why.

Explain the meaning of: the electron partition function is equal to the degeneracy of the ground state.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 12, Problem 12.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 12, Problem 12.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 12, Problem 12.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 18

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Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.1P Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.2P Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-3 Write the IUPAC name for each...Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-4 Draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-5 How many stereoisomers are possible...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12.5 - Problem 12-7 Propose a two-step mechanism for the...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.8P Ch. 12.5 - Problem 12-9 Propose a three-step reaction...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.10P

Chapter 12 Solutions