Chapter 12.2, Problem 11AYP

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The ways in which ascending and descending pathways are related to the reflexes and other neuron functions.

Introduction:

Any change in the environmental conditions that produce an involuntary response in the body is called stimulus. The response that is produced by the body against stimuli is called reflex. The reflexes that cause the arm or leg pull away from the unfavorable stimulus are known as flexion reflex.