ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781264303090
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 12, Problem 6RAC
Several of the events that occur between the time a physician strikes a patient’s patellar tendon with a rubber hammer and the time the quadriceps femoris contracts (knee-jerk reflex) are listed below:
(1) increased frequency of action potentials in sensory neurons
(2) stretch of the muscle spindles
(3) increased frequency of action potentials in the alpha motor neurons
(4) stretch of the quadriceps femoris
(5) contraction of the quadriceps lemons
Which of the following most closely describes the sequence of events as they normally occur?
a. 4,12,3,5 c. 1,4,3,25 e. 4,2,3,1,5
b. 4.1,3,2,5 d. 4,2,1,3,5
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Students have asked these similar questions
A tap on the patellar tendon at the knee joint is used to test the knee-jerk reflex. All of the followings are correct, except ---------------------.
The reflex starts with the 1a sensory neurons of the muscle spindle
There is an excitatory stimulus to the motor pool of the extensor muscle
There is a stimulation of the excitatory interneuron of the flexor muscle
Excitation of the extensor muscle fibers causes the knee extension
Muscle contraction depends on coordination between motor pools of antagonistic muscles
To demonstrate muscle fatigue, a student held an 8 lb dumbbell in her hand and abducted her arm parallel to the floor. After 45 seconds, she has having difficulty holding that position so she rotated her hand 90 degrees. This allowed her to hold the dumbbell in position for an additional 20 seconds. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?
A.
Different motor units were contracting while others were relaxing.
B.
Muscles began to contract isotonically rather than isometrically.
C.
The load was reduced.
D.
The resistance to contraction was reduced.
E.
The change in position provided a greater range of motion at the shoulder.
Put the following events in chronological order. (Some of the steps may be missing.)1) Ca*+ floods into the pre-synaptic neuron.2) ch (Acetylcholine) binds to ACh receptors in the sarcolemma.3) Na+ floods into the post-synaptic muscle cell.4) The A.P arrives at the pre-synaptic terminal causing Ca+ channels to open.5) Ach from the synaptic vesicles spills into the pre-synaptic cleft.6) A post-synaptic action potential results in the muscle fiber (depolarization
Chapter 12 Solutions
ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 12.1 - Name the meninges surrounding the spinal cord....Ch. 12.1 - What is the thecal sac? What two structures hold...Ch. 12.1 - Describe the arrangement of gray arid white matter...Ch. 12.1 - Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor and...Ch. 12.1 - What kinds of neurons are in the dorsal roots, in...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 12.2 - Describe the operation of a gamma motor neuron.Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 12.2 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 12.3 - What is a dermatome? Why are dermatomes clinically...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 12.3 - Describe the distribution of the ventral rami of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 12.3 - Name the five major nerves that emerge from the...Ch. 12.3 - Name the four major nerves that arise from the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 12.3 - Describe the structures innervated by the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 12 - Prob. 1RACCh. 12 - The structure that anchors the inferior end of the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3RACCh. 12 - Given these components of a reflex arc: (1)...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5RACCh. 12 - Several of the events that occur between the time...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7RACCh. 12 - Prob. 8RACCh. 12 - Damage to the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACCh. 12 - A dermatome Is the area of skin supplied by a pair...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12RACCh. 12 - The skin on the posterior surface of the hand is...Ch. 12 - The scatic nerve is actually two nerves combined...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15RACCh. 12 - Describe how stimulation of a neuron that has its...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CTCh. 12 - Prob. 3CTCh. 12 - Prob. 4CTCh. 12 - Prob. 5CTCh. 12 - Prob. 6CTCh. 12 - Prob. 7CT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Muscle spindles are the sensory receptors that monitor the length of skeletal muscles. When the length of the hamstrings changes between standing and seated positions, which structure is responsible for adjusting the length of the intrafusal muscle fibers of the muscle spindle? Group of answer choices beta motor neurons gamma motor neurons extrafusal fibers alpha motor neuronsarrow_forwardHow would you explain the following observation? When motor nerve fibers in the leg are severed, the muscles they innervate become paralyzed; however, in time, control over the muscles often returns.arrow_forwardThe role of muscle spindles in the maintenance of the upright posture depends upon all the following, except :-a- contraction of the peripheral contractile part of spindle fibersb- increased sensory discharge from spindles of postural musclesc- increased supraspinal facilitation to the γ-motor neurons of postural musclesd- presence of greater numbers of spindles in postural musclesarrow_forward
- Put these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 2. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4. Ca2+ binding to troponin 2, 1, 4, 3 4, 3, 2, 1 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2 3, 1, 2, 4arrow_forwardPlace the events at the neuromuscular junction in the order in which they occur: 1. release of acetylcholine (ACh) 2. activation of ACH receptors on the motor endplate 3. termination of the ACh activity by acetylcholinesterase 4. arrival of an action potential at the synaptic end bulb 5. diffusion of ACh across the synaptic cleft 6. opening of NA* channels in the motor endplate 7. production of a muscle fiber action potential O 4,1,2,5,6,7,3 4,1,5,6,2,7,3 4,1,5,2,7,6,3 4,1,5,2,6,7,3arrow_forward4) You set up an experiment using an isolated mouse muscle-nerve preparation.a. Draw the force traces (used to measure the force of contraction using a force transducer) you wouldexpect to get if you stimulated the nerve at 3 different lengths: 1) slack, 2) the normal length of the musclein the body, and 3) stretched past a length the muscle could ever experience in a mouse. If the force tracesare different explain why. (Hint: refer back to the length-tension relationship)b. Draw the nerve signals you would record from a Group Ia muscle spindle afferent at each of those 3lengths. If the 3 conditions are different explain why. (Hint: refer back to the function of the musclespindlearrow_forward
- 17) a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate. a) true b) falsearrow_forwardWhen an action potential from a motor neuron arrives at the neuromuscular junction, a series of events occurs that leads to muscle contraction. Arrange following events in the correct order from first to last.arrow_forwardWhile initial control of skeletal muscles occurs with the motor cortex, a successful movement also requires efferent feedback from joint, tendon and other proprio- ception sensors. Ultimately, complete control and coordination of motor movements requires the operation of: a. The cerebellum b. The hippocampus c. The vestibular apparatus d. The lateral ventriclesarrow_forward
- Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomerearrow_forwarda) Describe how the isolated muscle behaved as the interpulse interval was decreased progressively. b) Examine the table. Can you describe what happens to the frequency of stimulation when you decrease the interval between the pulses?arrow_forwardHow is muscle contraction stopped? Which of the following is/are correct? A) The brain stops sending the nerve impulse that commands the muscle to contract, interrupting communication at the neuromuscular junction B) Acetylcholineesterase (AChE) is released into the synaptic cleft to destroy any remaining Acetylcholine C) No mechanism is necessary. When the antagonist begins to contract, it forces relaxation and stretch of the agonist muscle. D) Relaxation occurs as the myosin heads are "snapped" off of the thick filaments. This interrupts the crossbridge and allows for muscles to stretch E) Relaxation only occurs if the brain sends a "stop" signal to the musclearrow_forward
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