What is Le Châtelier’s principle? Consider the reaction 2 NOCI ( g ) ⇌ 2 NO ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) If this reaction is at equilibrium. what happens when the following changes occur? a . NOCI( g ) is added. b . NO( g ) is added. c . NOCI( g ) is removed. d . Cl 2 ( g ) is removed. e . The container volume is decreased. For each of these changes, what happens to the value of K for the reaction as equilibrium is reached again? Give an example of a reaction for which the addition or removal of one of the reactants or products has no effect on the equilibrium position. In general, how will the equilibrium position of a gas-phase reaction be affected if the volume of the reaction vessel changes? Are there reactions that will not have their equilibria shifted by a change in volume? Explain. Why does changing the pressure in a rigid container by adding an inert gas not shift the equilibrium position for a gas-phase reaction?
What is Le Châtelier’s principle? Consider the reaction 2 NOCI ( g ) ⇌ 2 NO ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) If this reaction is at equilibrium. what happens when the following changes occur? a . NOCI( g ) is added. b . NO( g ) is added. c . NOCI( g ) is removed. d . Cl 2 ( g ) is removed. e . The container volume is decreased. For each of these changes, what happens to the value of K for the reaction as equilibrium is reached again? Give an example of a reaction for which the addition or removal of one of the reactants or products has no effect on the equilibrium position. In general, how will the equilibrium position of a gas-phase reaction be affected if the volume of the reaction vessel changes? Are there reactions that will not have their equilibria shifted by a change in volume? Explain. Why does changing the pressure in a rigid container by adding an inert gas not shift the equilibrium position for a gas-phase reaction?
Solution Summary: The author explains Le Chatelier's principle, which states that if there is a change in temperature, pressure or concentration of any system, the position of equilibrium will shift in the direction that overcomes that change.
What is Le Châtelier’s principle? Consider the reaction
2
NOCI
(
g
)
⇌
2
NO
(
g
)
+
Cl
2
(
g
)
If this reaction is at equilibrium. what happens when the following changes occur?
a. NOCI(g) is added.
b. NO(g) is added.
c. NOCI(g) is removed.
d. Cl2(g) is removed.
e. The container volume is decreased.
For each of these changes, what happens to the value of K for the reaction as equilibrium is reached again? Give an example of a reaction for which the addition or removal of one of the reactants or products has no effect on the equilibrium position.
In general, how will the equilibrium position of a gas-phase reaction be affected if the volume of the reaction vessel changes? Are there reactions that will not have their equilibria shifted by a change in volume? Explain. Why does changing the pressure in a rigid container by adding an inert gas not shift the equilibrium position for a gas-phase reaction?
10.
Stereochemistry. Assign R/S stereochemistry for the chiral center indicated on the
following compound. In order to recieve full credit, you MUST SHOW YOUR WORK!
H₂N
CI
OH
CI
カー
11. () Stereochemistry. Draw all possible stereoisomers of the following compound. Assign
R/S configurations for all stereoisomers and indicate the relationship between each as
enantiomer, diastereomer, or meso.
NH2
H
HNH,
-18
b)
8.
Indicate whether the following carbocation rearrangements are likely to occur
Please explain your rational using 10 words or less
not likely to occur
• The double bond is still in the
Same position
+
Likely
to oc
occur
WHY?
-3
H3C
Brave
Chair Conformers. Draw the chair conformer of the following substituted
cyclohexane. Peform a RING FLIP and indicate the most stable
conformation and briefly explain why using 20 words or less.
CI
2
-cobs ??
MUST INDICATE H -2
-2
Br
EQ
Cl
OR
AT
Br
H&
most stable
WHY?
- 4
CH
12
Conformational Analysis. Draw all 6 conformers (one above each letter) of the
compound below looking down the indicated bond. Write the letter of the
conformer with the HIGHEST and LOWEST in energies on the lines provided.
NOTE: Conformer A MUST be the specific conformer of the structure as drawn below
-4 NOT
HOH
OH
3
Conformer A:
Br
OH
A
Samo
Br H
04
Br
H
H3
CH₂
H
anti
stagere
Br CH
clipsed
H
Brott
H
IV
H
MISSING 2
-2
B
C
D
E
F
X
6
Conformer with HIGHEST ENERGY:
13. (1
structure
LOWEST ENERGY:
Nomenclature. a) Give the systematic (IUPAC) name structure. b) Draw the
corresponding to this name. HINT: Do not forget to indicate stereochemistry
when applicable.
a)
८८
2
"Br
{t༐B,gt)-bemn€-nehpརི་ཚ༐lnoa
Parent name (noname)
4 Bromo
Sub = 2-methylethyl-4 Bromo nonane
b) (3R,4S)-3-chloro-4-ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane
# -2
-2
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