Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781464126116
Author: David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 9P
Summary Introduction
To determine: The sources of amplification in insulin receptor system.
Introduction:
Hormones are defined as the chemical messengers or signals that are released from endocrine glands such as thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and so on. Such glands are ductless glands as they produce hormone directly into the bloodstream.
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fill in the blank and circle the active site for each molecule.
urgent!
fill in the table and circle the active site
The two half reactions
for beginning and end of the electron transport chain are given below in standard form. Calculate & for the overall process. Using the Nernst equation (AG° = -n Fo, F= 96.485 kJ/volt mol), calculate AG°. Explain the need for a stepwise process in the electron transport chain.
NAD* + H+ + 2 e- = NADH
½ 0г + 2H+ + 2е- = H20
= -0.32v
E = +0.82V
Chapter 12 Solutions
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
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- fill in the table and identify the general type of reaction catalayzed and an example step from the structures in the second page so you will answer the questions from the first page the second one is just a reference urgently!arrow_forwardPlease draw out the molecular structures of each molecule and show how each enzyme + cofactor would affect the following molecule in the human metabolic pathway. (This is a metabolic map)arrow_forwardPlease draw out the molecular structures of each molecule and show how an enzyme + cofactor would affect the following molecule in the human metabolic pathway to create energy.arrow_forward
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- The mitochondrial ATP synthase has 10 copies of the F0 subunit “c”, and the [H ] in the mitochondrial inner membrane space (IMS) is 6.31 x 10-8 M and the [H + ] in the matrix is 3.16 x 10-9 M. Calculate the minimum membrane potential (∆Ψ) necessary to make ATP synthesis thermodynamically favorable. [Assume ∆G' ofphosphate hydrolysis of ATP is - 45 kJ/mol.]arrow_forwardB- Vitamins are converted readily into important metabolic cofactors. Deficiency in any one of them has serious side effects. a. The disease beriberi results from a vitamin B 1 (Thiamine) deficiency and is characterized by cardiac and neurological symptoms. One key diagnostic for this disease is an increased level of pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate in the bloodstream. How does this vitamin deficiency lead to increased serumlevels of these factors? b. What would you expect the effect on the TCA intermediates for a patient suffering from vitamin B 5 deficiency? c. What would you expect the effect on the TCA intermediates for a patientsuffering from vitamin B 2 /B 3 deficiency?arrow_forwardPyruvate is accepted into the TCA cycle by a “feeder” reaction using the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, resulting in acetyl-CoA and CO2. Provide a full mechanism for this reaction utilizing the TPP cofactor. Include the roles of all cofactors.arrow_forward
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