Chapter 12, Problem 99AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

On the basis of electronegativity values, the more polar bond in the given pair of bonds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical bond that exists between two atoms in which electrons are distributed in an unequal amount is known as polar bond. Due to this unequal distribution of electrons, the molecule will possess the dipole moment in which one end will have partial positive charge and other end will have partial negative charge.

The ability that is possessed by an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. The electronegativity decreases while going down the group and increases while moving from left to right in the period.

Answer to Problem 99AP

On the basis of electronegativity values, the more polar bond in the given pair of bonds is $\text{N}-\text{P}$.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of bonds is $\text{N}-\text{P}$ and $\text{N}-\text{O}$.

The electronegativity value of phosphorous is $2.1$.

The electronegativity value of nitrogen is $3.0$.

The electronegativity value of oxygen is $3.5$.

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{P}$ bond is,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Difference}\text{in}\text{electronegativity for N}-\text{P bond}=3.0-2.1\\ =0.9\end{array}$

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond is,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Difference}\text{in}\text{electronegativity for N}-\text{O bond}=3.5-3.0\\ =0.5\end{array}$

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{P}$ bond is $0.9$ and for $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond is $0.5$.

Thus, the difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{P}$ bond is higher than the difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond. Hence, $\text{N}-\text{P}$ bond is more polar than $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

On the basis of electronegativity values, the more polar bond in the given pair of bonds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical bond that exists between two atoms in which electrons are distributed in an unequal amount is known as polar bond. Due to this unequal distribution of electrons, the molecule will possess the dipole moment in which one end will have partial positive charge and other end will have partial negative charge.

The ability that is possessed by an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. The electronegativity decreases while going down the group and increases while moving from left to right in the period.

Answer to Problem 99AP

On the basis of electronegativity values, $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond and $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond are equally polar.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of bonds is $\text{N}-\text{C}$ and $\text{N}-\text{O}$.

The electronegativity value of carbon is $2.5$.

The electronegativity value of nitrogen is $3.0$.

The electronegativity value of oxygen is $3.5$.

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond is,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Difference}\text{in}\text{electronegativity for N}-\text{C bond}=3.0-2.5\\ =0.5\end{array}$

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond is,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Difference}\text{in}\text{electronegativity for N}-\text{O bond}=3.5-3.0\\ =0.5\end{array}$

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond is $0.5$ and for $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond is $0.5$.

Thus, the difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond is same as difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond. Hence, $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond and $\text{N}-\text{O}$ bond are equally polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

On the basis of electronegativity values, the more polar bond in the given pair of bonds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical bond that exists between two atoms in which electrons are distributed in an unequal amount is known as polar bond. Due to this unequal distribution of electrons, the molecule will possess the dipole moment in which one end will have partial positive charge and other end will have partial negative charge.

The ability that is possessed by an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. The electronegativity decreases while going down the group and increases while moving from left to right in the period.

Answer to Problem 99AP

On the basis of electronegativity values, $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond and $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond are equally polar.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of bonds is $\text{N}-\text{C}$ and $\text{N}-\text{S}$.

The electronegativity value of carbon is $2.5$.

The electronegativity value of nitrogen is $3.0$.

The electronegativity value of sulfur is $2.5$.

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond is,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Difference}\text{in}\text{electronegativity for N}-\text{C bond}=3.0-2.5\\ =0.5\end{array}$

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond is,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Difference}\text{in}\text{electronegativity for N}-\text{S bond}=3.0-2.5\\ =0.5\end{array}$

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond is $0.5$ and for $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond is $0.5$.

Thus, the difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond is same as difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond. Hence, $\text{N}-\text{C}$ bond and $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond are equally polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

On the basis of electronegativity values, the more polar bond in the given pair of bonds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical bond that exists between two atoms in which electrons are distributed in an unequal amount is known as polar bond. Due to this unequal distribution of electrons, the molecule will possess the dipole moment in which one end will have partial positive charge and other end will have partial negative charge.

The ability that is possessed by an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. The electronegativity decreases while going down the group and increases while moving from left to right in the period.

Answer to Problem 99AP

On the basis of electronegativity values, the more polar bond in the given pair of bonds is $\text{N}-\text{F}$.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of bonds is $\text{N}-\text{F}$ and $\text{N}-\text{S}$.

The electronegativity value of fluorine is $4.0$.

The electronegativity value of nitrogen is $3.0$.

The electronegativity value of sulfur is $2.5$.

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{F}$ bond is,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Difference}\text{in}\text{electronegativity for N}-\text{F bond}=4.0-3.0\\ =1.0\end{array}$

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond is,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Difference}\text{in}\text{electronegativity for N}-\text{S bond}=3.0-2.5\\ =0.5\end{array}$

The difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{F}$ bond is $1.0$ and for $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond is $0.5$.

Thus, the difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{F}$ bond is higher than the difference in the electronegativity values for $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond. Hence, $\text{N}-\text{F}$ bond is more polar than $\text{N}-\text{S}$ bond.