Introductory Statistics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135188927
Author: Gould, Robert, Ryan, Colleen N. (colleen Nooter)
Publisher: Pearson,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 8SE
Smoking Cessation In a 2018 study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Halpern et al. randomly assigned smokers to one of five groups, including four smoking cessation interventions and usual care. Usual care consisted of access to information regarding the benefits of smoking cessation and to a motivational text-messaging service. The four interventions consisted of usual care plus one of the following: free cessation aids such as nicotine-replacement therapy or pharmacotherapy, free e-cigarettes, free cessation aids plus $600 in rewards for sustained abstinence, or free cessation aids plus $600 in redeemable funds deposited in an account for each participant, with money removed from the account if cessation milestones were not met. Researchers measured the percentage in each group who sustained smoking abstinence for six months. Results indicate that financial incentives added to free cessation aids resulted in a higher rate of sustained smoking abstinence than free cessation aids alone. Is this study an observational study or a controlled experiment? Explain.
a. Is this study an observational study or a controlled experiment? Explain.
b. Identify the treatment and response variables.
c. Can a cause-and-effect conclusion be drawn from this study? Why or why not?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
32. Consider a normally distributed population with mean μ = 80
and standard deviation σ = 14.
a.
Construct the centerline and the upper and lower control
limits for the chart if samples of size 5 are used.
b. Repeat the analysis with samples of size 10.
2080 101
c. Discuss the effect of the sample size on the control limits.
Consider the following hypothesis test.
The following results are for two independent samples taken from the two populations.
Sample 1
Sample 2
n 1 = 80
n 2 = 70
x 1 = 104
x 2 = 106
σ 1 = 8.4
σ 2 = 7.6
What is the value of the test statistic? If required enter negative values as negative numbers (to 2 decimals).
What is the p-value (to 4 decimals)? Use z-table.
With = .05, what is your hypothesis testing conclusion?
Periodically, Merrill Lynch customers are asked to evaluate Merrill Lynch financial consultants and services (2000 Merrill Lynch Client Satisfaction Survey). Higher ratings on the client satisfaction survey indicate better service with 7 the maximum service rating. Independent samples of service ratings for two financial consultants are summarized here. Consultant A has 10 years of experience, whereas consultant B has 1 year of experience. Use = .05 and test to see whether the consultant with more experience has the higher population mean service rating.
Consultant A
Consultant B
= 16
= 10
= 6.82
= 6.25
= .64
= .75
State the null and alternative hypotheses.H0: 1 - 2 Ha: 1 - 2
Compute the value of the test statistic (to 2 decimals).
What is the p-value?The p-value is
What is your conclusion?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Introductory Statistics
Ch. 12 - Dairy Products and Muscle The following two...Ch. 12 - Coffee and Depression The following two headlines...Ch. 12 - Marijuana Use and Bone Density In a 2017 study...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4SECh. 12 - Prob. 5SECh. 12 - Prob. 6SECh. 12 - Prob. 7SECh. 12 - Smoking Cessation In a 2018 study reported in The...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9SECh. 12 - Prob. 10SE
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11SECh. 12 - Sugary Drinks and Brain Health An April 2017...Ch. 12 - Expression of Feelings A 2017 Pew poll asked a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14SECh. 12 - Prob. 15SECh. 12 - SAT Prep and Power Suppose an SAT tutoring company...Ch. 12 - Brain Games (Example 2) Researchers are interested...Ch. 12 - A Smile a Day Smiling is a sign of a good mood,...Ch. 12 - Speed Skating Suits (Example 3) Speed skating is a...Ch. 12 - Flu Vaccines and Age Suppose you want to compare...Ch. 12 - Preventing Heart Attacks with Aspirin Suppose that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 22SECh. 12 - Dietary Improvement and Depression In a 2017...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24SECh. 12 - Reading Colored Paper (Example 4) Some people...Ch. 12 - Prob. 26SECh. 12 - Prob. 27SECh. 12 - Prob. 28SECh. 12 - Prob. 29SECh. 12 - Library Audio Books Suppose a college is deciding...Ch. 12 - Prob. 31SECh. 12 - Prob. 32SECh. 12 - Prob. 33SECh. 12 - Prob. 34SECh. 12 - Prob. 35SECh. 12 - Prob. 36SECh. 12 - Prob. 37SECh. 12 - Prob. 38SECh. 12 - Prob. 39SECh. 12 - Prob. 40SECh. 12 - Prob. 41SECh. 12 - Prob. 42SECh. 12 - Prob. 43SECh. 12 - Prob. 44SECh. 12 - Yoga Study Design Refer to exercise 12.43. How...Ch. 12 - Fish Consumption Study Design Refer to exercise...Ch. 12 - Prob. 47SECh. 12 - Prob. 48SECh. 12 - Alumni Donations The alumni office wishes to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 50SECh. 12 - Prob. 51SECh. 12 - Prob. 52SECh. 12 - For exercises 12.51-12.53, evaluate the study...Ch. 12 - Prob. 54SECh. 12 - Anesthesia Care and Adverse Postoperative Outcomes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 56SECh. 12 - Prob. 57SECh. 12 - Prob. 58SE
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A firm paid its first annual dividend yesterday in the amount of $.15 per share. The company plans to double the dividend in each of the next 3 years. Starting in Year 4, the firm plans to pay $1.50 per share indefinitely. What is one share of this stock worth today if the market rate of return on similar securities is 13.8 percent? Multiple Choice $11.79 $8.92 $10.77 $11.02 $10.26arrow_forwardSuppose the random variable X is normally distributed with mean 80 and standard deviation 16. Find following probabilities. Find ‘b’ such that P(X ≥ b) = 0.975. Find the probability using a normal distribution table AND using ti-83 calculator. SHOW ALL STEPS PLEASE.arrow_forwardSuppose the random variable X is normally distributed with mean 80 and standard deviation 16. Find following probabilities. Equation: P(85 ≤ X ≤ 102). Find the probability using a normal distribution table AND using ti-83 calculator. SHOW ALL STEPS PLEASE.arrow_forward
- Data set is Bachelor Degree's Conferred by Race and Ethnicity.arrow_forward4. Vons, a large supermarket in Grover Beach, California, is con- sidering extending its store hours from 7:00 am to midnight, seven days a week, to 6:00 am to midnight. Discuss the sam- pling bias in the following sampling strategies:arrow_forward3. Natalie Min is an undergraduate in the Haas School of Busi- ness at Berkeley. She wishes to pursue an MBA from Berkeley and wants to know the profile of other students who are likely to apply to the Berkeley MBA program. In particular, she wants to know the GPA of students with whom she might be compet- ing. She randomly surveys 40 students from her accounting class for the analysis. Discuss in detail whether or not Natalie's analysis is based on a representative sample.arrow_forward
- See data attached. SoftBus Company sells PC equipment and customized software to small companies to help them manage their day-to-day business activities. Although SoftBus spends time with all customers to understand their needs, the customers are eventually on their own to use the equipment and software intelligently. To understand its customers better, SoftBus recently sent questionnaires to a large number of prospective customers. Key personnel—those who would be using the software—were asked to fill out the questionnaire. SoftBus received 82 usable responses, as shown in the file. You can assume that these employees represent a random sample of all of SoftBus's prospective customers. SoftBus believes it can afford to spend much less time with customers who own PCs and score at least 4 on PC Knowledge. Let's call these the "PC-savvy" customers. On the other hand, SoftBus believes it will have to spend a lot of time with customers who do not own a PC and score 2 or less on PC…arrow_forwardSee data attached. SoftBus Company sells PC equipment and customized software to small companies to help them manage their day-to-day business activities. Although SoftBus spends time with all customers to understand their needs, the customers are eventually on their own to use the equipment and software intelligently. To understand its customers better, SoftBus recently sent questionnaires to a large number of prospective customers. Key personnel—those who would be using the software—were asked to fill out the questionnaire. SoftBus received 82 usable responses, as shown in the file. You can assume that these employees represent a random sample of all of SoftBus's prospective customers. SoftBus believes it can afford to spend much less time with customers who own PCs and score at least 4 on PC Knowledge. Let's call these the "PC-savvy" customers. On the other hand, SoftBus believes it will have to spend a lot of time with customers who do not own a PC and score 2 or less on PC…arrow_forwardWho is the better student, relative to his or her classmates? Here’s all the information you ever wanted to knowarrow_forward
- 3. A bag of Skittles contains five colors: red, orange, green, yellow, and purple. The probabilities of choosing each color are shown in the chart below. What is the probability of choosing first a red, then a purple, and then a green Skittle, replacing the candies in between picks? Color Probability Red 0.2299 Green 0.1908 Orange 0.2168 Yellow 0.1889 Purple 0.1736arrow_forwardName: Quiz A 5.3-5.4 Sex Female Male Total Happy 90 46 136 Healthy 20 13 33 Rich 10 31 41 Famous 0 8 8 Total 120 98 218 Use the following scenario for questions 1 & 2. One question on the Census at School survey asks students if they would prefer to be happy, healthy, rich, or famous. Students may only choose one of these responses. The two-way table summarizes the responses of 218 high school students from the United States by sex. Preferred status 1. Define event F as a female student and event R as rich. a. Find b. Find or c. Find and 2. Define event F as a female student and event R as rich. a. Find b. Find c. Using your results from a and b, are these events (female student and rich) independent? Use the following scenario for questions 3 & 4. At the end of a 5k race, runners are offered a donut or a banana. The event planner examined each runner's race bib and noted whether Age Less than 30 years old At least 30 years old Total Choice Donut Banana 52 54 106 5 72 77 Total 57 126…arrow_forwardI need help with this problem and an explanation of the solution for the image described below. (Statistics: Engineering Probabilities)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...
Algebra
ISBN:9781680331141
Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Probability & Statistics (28 of 62) Basic Definitions and Symbols Summarized; Author: Michel van Biezen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21V9WBJLAL8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Introduction to Probability, Basic Overview - Sample Space, & Tree Diagrams; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkidyDQuupA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY