College Physics
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134601823
Author: ETKINA, Eugenia, Planinšič, G. (gorazd), Van Heuvelen, Alan
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 12, Problem 61GP
To determine
The average density of number of particles in the galaxy, where the most abundant element is atomic hydrogen, considering there are
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Question 26
The name dark energy refers to the fact that
a.
it adds a negative term to the total energy of the Universe.
b.
it pervades the entire of the Universe, which is itself dark.
c.
it is concentrated in galaxies and galaxy clusters, but it is invisible.
d.
it is not detectable by any sort of light or other electromagnetic radiation.
e.
scientists are not sure what it is, so they use the term dark energy as a way to emphasize their ignorance.
The mass density of our universe is measured to be about 10-29 kg/m3. If an arbitrary point is chosen as the center, how large is the radius of a spherical surface centered at the point so that the mass enclosed in the surface will become a blackhole observed by someone outside the surface?
A. 4.2 trillion light years
B. 420 billion light years
C. 42 billion light years
D. 4.2 billion light years
Is the answer D? Thanks!
Chapter 12 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - Review Question 12.4 Ken says that the temperature...Ch. 12 - Review Question 12.5 What is the difference...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6RQCh. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - Review Question 12.8 How do we know that the Sun’s...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 2MCQ
Ch. 12 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 12 - 9. How might physicists have come to know that at...Ch. 12 - 10. A cylindrical container is filled with a gas....Ch. 12 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 12 - A completely closed rigid container of gas is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 12 - Which of the following conditions are crucial for...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17CQCh. 12 - 18. Why does it hurt to walk barefoot on gravel?
Ch. 12 - 19. In the magic trick in which a person lies on a...Ch. 12 - What does it mean if the density of a gas is 1.29...Ch. 12 - How many oranges would you have if you had two...Ch. 12 - 22. Imagine that you have an unknown gas. What...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23CQCh. 12 - Describe how temperature and one degree are...Ch. 12 - Why does sugar dissolve faster in hot tea than in...Ch. 12 - 26. (a) Describe experiments that were used to...Ch. 12 - Give three examples of diffusion that are...Ch. 12 - Why do very light gases such as hydrogen not exist...Ch. 12 - Prob. 29CQCh. 12 - Explain why Earth has almost no free hydrogen in...Ch. 12 - What are the molar masses of molecular and atomic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2PCh. 12 - The average particle density in the Milky Way...Ch. 12 - * (a) What is the concentration (number per cubic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5PCh. 12 - 6. You find that the average gauge pressure in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7PCh. 12 - Prob. 8PCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - 10. You have five molecules with the following...Ch. 12 - 11.Two gases in different containers have the same...Ch. 12 - 12. Four molecules are moving with the following...Ch. 12 - m2, what is the average pressure of the 10 tennis...Ch. 12 - * Friends throw snowballs at the wall of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15PCh. 12 - Prob. 16PCh. 12 - Prob. 17PCh. 12 - Air consists of many different molecules, for...Ch. 12 - Prob. 19PCh. 12 - 20. Air is a mixture of molecules of different...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21PCh. 12 - Prob. 22PCh. 12 - 23. ** A molecule moving at speed collides...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24PCh. 12 - Prob. 25PCh. 12 - * Even the best vacuum pumps cannot lower the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27PCh. 12 - Prob. 28PCh. 12 - * The following data were collected for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30PCh. 12 - Prob. 31PCh. 12 - 32. * When surrounded by air at a pressure of 1.0...Ch. 12 - 33. * Some students are given the following...Ch. 12 - 34. ** You have gas in a container with a movable...Ch. 12 - Prob. 35PCh. 12 - * Bubbles While snorkeling, you see air bubbles...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37PCh. 12 - * Mount Everest (a) Determine the number of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39PCh. 12 - Prob. 40PCh. 12 - Prob. 41PCh. 12 - 42. * Car tire dilemma Imagine a car tire that...Ch. 12 - 43. * There is a limit to how much gas can pass...Ch. 12 - Prob. 44PCh. 12 - Prob. 45PCh. 12 - 46. * In the morning, the gauge pressure in your...Ch. 12 - ** The P-versus-T graph in Figure P12.49 describes...Ch. 12 - ** The V-versus-T graph in Figure P12.50 describes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 51PCh. 12 - Prob. 52PCh. 12 - Prob. 53PCh. 12 - 55. ** A gas that can be described by the ideal...Ch. 12 - * Equation Jeopardy 3 The three equations below...Ch. 12 - Prob. 57GPCh. 12 - 58. * See the previous problem Explain how the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 59GPCh. 12 - Prob. 60GPCh. 12 - Prob. 61GPCh. 12 - Prob. 62GPCh. 12 - 63. EST * Car engine During a compression stroke...Ch. 12 - * How can the pressure of air in your house stay...Ch. 12 - 65 * Tell-all problem Tell everything you can...Ch. 12 - 66. ** Two massless, frictionless pistons are...Ch. 12 - 67. * A closed cylindrical container is divided...Ch. 12 - Prob. 68GPCh. 12 - 69. ** The speed of sound in an ideal gas is given...Ch. 12 - 70. * Using the information from problem 12.69,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 71GPCh. 12 - 73. Why is the wall tension in capillaries so...Ch. 12 - Prob. 74RPPCh. 12 - Prob. 75RPPCh. 12 - As a person ages, the fibers in arteries become...Ch. 12 - Prob. 77RPPCh. 12 - The bag and pump have a 6.76-kg mass. The volume...Ch. 12 - The bag and pump have a 6.76-kg mass. The volume...Ch. 12 - The bag and pump have a 6.76-kg mass. The volume...Ch. 12 - The bag and pump have a 6.76-kg mass. The volume...Ch. 12 - Prob. 82RPP
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- Find the approximate mass of the dark and luminous matter in the Milky Way galaxy. Assume the luminous matter is due to approximately 1011 stars of average mass 1.5 times that of our Sun. and take the dark matter to be 10 times as massive as the luminous matter.arrow_forwardReasoning by analogy often helps make complicated systems or abstract ideas easier to understand. Why do you have to be careful when using analogies?arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider a star moving in a circular orbit at the edge at a galaxy. Construct a problem in which you calculate the mass of that galaxy in kg and in multiples of the solar mass based on the velocity of the star and its distance from the center of the galaxy. Figure 34.26 Distances to nearby stars are measured using triangulation, also called the parallax method. The angle of line of sight to the star is measured at intervals six momma apart, and the distance is calculated by using the known diameter of the Earth's orbit. This can be done for stars up to about 500 ly away.arrow_forward
- Suppose the Universe is considered to be an ideal gas of hydrogen atoms expanding adiabatically. (a) If the density of the gas in the Universe is one hydrogen atom per cubic meter, calculate the number of moles per unit volume (n/V). (b) Calculate the pressure of the Universe, taking the temperature of the Universe as 2.7 K. (c) If the current radius of the Universe is 15 billion light-years (1.4 1026 m), find the pressure of the Universe when it was the size of a nutshell, with radius 2.0 102 m. (Be careful: Calculator overflow can occur.)arrow_forwardWhat is critical temperature Tc? Do all materials have a critical temperature? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardBased on what you have learned about galaxy formation from a protogalactic cloud (and similarly star formation from a protostellar cloud), the fact that dark matter in a galaxy is distributed over a much larger volume than luminous matter can be explained by I. Dark matter does not emit EM radiations. II. The pressure of an ideal gas decreases when temperature drops. III. The temperature of an ideal gas decreases when its thermal energy decreases. A. I only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III Is the answer C? Thank you!arrow_forward
- What possible evidence do we have for the existence of "dark energy"? a. It blocks our view of distant parts of the universe b. The universe contains more light than has ever been emitted by stars. c. Expansion seems to be accelerating d. We see the cosmic background radiation in all directions e. All of the abovearrow_forward1 The age of the universe is related to Hubble's Constant by the expression: t = Ho Calculate a value for the age of the universe in years. You will need to be careful with units!arrow_forwardI said number 6 for a reason, I didn't just put a random #6 now I have to use another question and got an answer I didn't even needarrow_forward
- 8. Milky Way The Sun is a star in the Milky Way galaxy. When viewed from the side, the galaxy looks like a disk that is approximately 100,000 light-years in diameter (a light-year is the distance light travels in one year) and about 1000 light-years thick (Figure P25.8). What is the diameter and thickness of the Milky Way in meters? In kilometers? In miles? Figure P25.8 Galactic Longitude 75.000 ittarius Sagitt Arm Onan Perseus Arm Arm 15,000 30.000 180° Scutum-Ce 270° Sun and solar system's location in the Milky Wayarrow_forward1. What is matter made of? 2. What are in between the particles? 3. Why do particles of matter move? 4. Do particles of different matter look the same? Why?arrow_forwardexplain each physics formula by saying what each variable means/stands for and explain the formula as a whole, please.arrow_forward
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